{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2137219772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","title":"A 12-GS/s 81-mW 5-bit Time-Interleaved Flash ADC With Background Timing Skew Calibration","display_name":"A 12-GS/s 81-mW 5-bit Time-Interleaved Flash ADC With Background Timing Skew Calibration","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2137219772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","mag":"2137219772"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088796368","display_name":"Manar El-Chammas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manar El-Chammas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Instruments, Inc., Dallas, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029806914","display_name":"Boris Murmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-8782"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boris Murmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Stanford, Stanford, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.2601,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":260,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99334269,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"4","first_page":"838","last_page":"847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skew","display_name":"Skew","score":0.8783847689628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparator","display_name":"Comparator","score":0.7043514251708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6085126996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash-adc","display_name":"Flash ADC","score":0.562549889087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calibration","display_name":"Calibration","score":0.5457339882850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.5351606011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5276623964309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4794001579284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.4723846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.4581417739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-domain","display_name":"Time domain","score":0.4278402328491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/figure-of-merit","display_name":"Figure of merit","score":0.4195014238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/4-bit","display_name":"4-bit","score":0.41101276874542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.24538511037826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.21973180770874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.17464110255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15176022052764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.09539946913719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.09137082099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.08006525039672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.0740973949432373}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43711488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534783","display_name":"Skew","level":2,"score":0.8783847689628601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155745195","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1164179","display_name":"Comparator","level":3,"score":0.7043514251708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6085126996040344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164862427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2744647","display_name":"Flash ADC","level":4,"score":0.562549889087677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.5457339882850647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5351606011390686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5276623964309692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4794001579284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.4723846912384033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.4581417739391327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103824480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185889","display_name":"Time domain","level":2,"score":0.4278402328491211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4195014238357544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194986542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229932","display_name":"4-bit","level":3,"score":0.41101276874542236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24538511037826538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.21973180770874023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17464110255241394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15176022052764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.09539946913719177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.09137082099914551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.08006525039672852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0740973949432373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2011.2108125","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W326883504","https://openalex.org/W1598205231","https://openalex.org/W1983849809","https://openalex.org/W2009915325","https://openalex.org/W2096532743","https://openalex.org/W2097595293","https://openalex.org/W2099432139","https://openalex.org/W2104660976","https://openalex.org/W2107235564","https://openalex.org/W2110286059","https://openalex.org/W2118524348","https://openalex.org/W2119119508","https://openalex.org/W2125229038","https://openalex.org/W2126190772","https://openalex.org/W2126414970","https://openalex.org/W2127364381","https://openalex.org/W2128223917","https://openalex.org/W2131611181","https://openalex.org/W2131914183","https://openalex.org/W2134042243","https://openalex.org/W2136908302","https://openalex.org/W2140823559","https://openalex.org/W2142698693","https://openalex.org/W2147238716","https://openalex.org/W2150011256","https://openalex.org/W2155595938","https://openalex.org/W2156231941","https://openalex.org/W2164403482","https://openalex.org/W2169384972","https://openalex.org/W2184902177","https://openalex.org/W2631197814","https://openalex.org/W3142746000","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6644863192","https://openalex.org/W6670889262","https://openalex.org/W6681522494"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2142867187","https://openalex.org/W3028366910","https://openalex.org/W2809902876","https://openalex.org/W1963652097","https://openalex.org/W2547125700","https://openalex.org/W2766191609","https://openalex.org/W4211167545","https://openalex.org/W2147238716","https://openalex.org/W2098228558","https://openalex.org/W3161232211"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"a":[3,22,42,107,112],"12-GS/s":[4],"5-bit":[5],"time-interleaved":[6],"flash":[7],"ADC":[8],"realized":[9],"in":[10,37,92],"65-nm":[11],"CMOS.":[12],"To":[13],"improve":[14],"the":[15,38,75,79],"dynamic":[16],"performance":[17],"at":[18,87,117],"high":[19,88],"input":[20,89,119],"frequencies,":[21,90,120],"statistics-based":[23],"background":[24],"calibration":[25,77],"scheme":[26],"for":[27,124],"timing":[28,33,76],"skew":[29,34],"is":[30,35,67],"employed.":[31],"The":[32,100],"detected":[36],"digital":[39],"domain":[40],"through":[41,69],"correlation-based":[43],"algorithm":[44],"and":[45,121],"minimized":[46],"by":[47,84],"adjusting":[48],"digitally":[49],"controlled":[50],"delay":[51],"lines.":[52],"In":[53],"order":[54],"to":[55],"minimize":[56],"power":[57],"consumption,":[58],"we":[59],"employ":[60],"near":[61,98,126],"minimum":[62],"size":[63],"comparators,":[64],"whose":[65],"offset":[66],"reduced":[68,83],"foreground":[70],"calibrated":[71],"trim-DAC":[72],"circuitry.":[73],"With":[74],"activated,":[78],"skew-related":[80],"impairments":[81],"are":[82],"12":[85],"dB":[86,97],"resulting":[91],"an":[93],"SNDR":[94],"of":[95,114],"25.1":[96],"Nyquist.":[99,127],"prototype":[101],"IC":[102],"consumes":[103],"81":[104],"mW":[105],"from":[106],"1.1":[108],"V":[109],"supply,":[110],"yielding":[111],"figure-of-merit":[113],"0.35":[115],"pJ/conversion-step":[116,123],"low":[118],"0.46":[122],"inputs":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}