{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2578612933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","title":"A Range Image Sensor Based on 10-$\\mu{\\hbox {m}}$ Lock-In Pixels in 0.18-$\\mu$m CMOS Imaging Technology","display_name":"A Range Image Sensor Based on 10-$\\mu{\\hbox {m}}$ Lock-In Pixels in 0.18-$\\mu$m CMOS Imaging Technology","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-12-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2578612933","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","mag":"2578612933"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084533944","display_name":"David Stoppa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Stoppa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076468405","display_name":"Nicola Massari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1863-4859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicola Massari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010169715","display_name":"Lucio Pancheri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-7308"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lucio Pancheri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046358655","display_name":"Mattia Malfatti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mattia Malfatti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088173332","display_name":"Matteo Perenzoni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-1593"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matteo Perenzoni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051603243","display_name":"L. Gonzo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2277624104","display_name":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler","ror":"https://ror.org/01j33xk10","country_code":"IT","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lorenzo Gonzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Trento, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2277624104"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.099,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":103,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9906,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"46","issue":"1","first_page":"248","last_page":"258"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12153","display_name":"Advanced Optical Sensing Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3105","display_name":"Instrumentation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11992","display_name":"CCD and CMOS Imaging Sensors","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10540","display_name":"Advanced Fluorescence Microscopy Techniques","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.8225932121276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.6939902305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.691313624382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.6546590924263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-sensor","display_name":"Image sensor","score":0.6305438280105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos-sensor","display_name":"CMOS sensor","score":0.5925570130348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/detector","display_name":"Detector","score":0.5502246022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/repeatability","display_name":"Repeatability","score":0.5076342821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.4843512773513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dot-pitch","display_name":"Dot pitch","score":0.479361355304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/range","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","score":0.47782468795776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.46191146969795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4261879622936249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.36370253562927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.35567963123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2507995367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.24973806738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2286851406097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14829584956169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13147491216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0925055742263794}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.8225932121276855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.6939902305603027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.691313624382019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.6546590924263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76935873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q209121","display_name":"Image sensor","level":2,"score":0.6305438280105591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210745","display_name":"CMOS sensor","level":3,"score":0.5925570130348206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.5502246022224426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154020017","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q520171","display_name":"Repeatability","level":2,"score":0.5076342821121216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.4843512773513794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179813606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2032861","display_name":"Dot pitch","level":3,"score":0.479361355304718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.47782468795776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.46191146969795227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4261879622936249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.36370253562927246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.35567963123321533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2507995367050171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.24973806738853455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2286851406097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14829584956169128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13147491216659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0925055742263794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2085870","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unitn.it:11572/97051","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11572/97051","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401913","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System (Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Trento)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I193223587","host_organization_name":"University of Trento","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193223587"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321966","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Padova","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580771026","https://openalex.org/W1894044359","https://openalex.org/W1975328031","https://openalex.org/W1976088710","https://openalex.org/W2016464725","https://openalex.org/W2027911527","https://openalex.org/W2038643807","https://openalex.org/W2074214351","https://openalex.org/W2093719511","https://openalex.org/W2108529245","https://openalex.org/W2114116622","https://openalex.org/W2138590767","https://openalex.org/W2139451537","https://openalex.org/W2141493752","https://openalex.org/W2158311142","https://openalex.org/W2168870659","https://openalex.org/W3020867216","https://openalex.org/W7032809994"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099015120","https://openalex.org/W2160828022","https://openalex.org/W2534961362","https://openalex.org/W2128051455","https://openalex.org/W1985001665","https://openalex.org/W2023957560","https://openalex.org/W2043303332","https://openalex.org/W2883871536","https://openalex.org/W2064050377","https://openalex.org/W2157322820"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,105],"design":[4],"and":[5,40,67,98],"characterization":[6],"of":[7,38,43,48,54,80,101],"a":[8,14,30,35,44,52,62,70,78,87,92,99,113],"lock-in":[9],"pixel":[10,32],"array":[11],"based":[12],"on":[13,86],"buried":[15],"channel":[16],"photo-detector":[17],"aimed":[18],"at":[19,83,112],"time-of-flight":[20],"range":[21,71],"imaging.":[22],"The":[23,56,75],"proposed":[24],"photo-demodulator":[25],"has":[26,58],"been":[27,59],"integrated":[28],"in":[29,61,69],"10-\u03bcm":[31],"pitch":[33],"with":[34,51,91],"fill":[36],"factor":[37],"24%,":[39],"is":[41,109],"capable":[42],"maximum":[45],"demodulation":[46],"frequency":[47],"50":[49],"MHz":[50],"contrast":[53],"29.5%.":[55],"sensor":[57],"fabricated":[60],"0.18-\u03bcm":[63],"CMOS":[64],"imaging":[65],"technology":[66],"assembled":[68],"camera":[72],"system":[73,76],"setup.":[74],"provides":[77],"stream":[79],"three-dimensional":[81],"images":[82],"5-20":[84],"fps":[85],"3-6":[88],"m":[89],"range,":[90],"linearity":[93],"error":[94],"lower":[95],"than":[96],"0.7%":[97],"repeatability":[100],"5-16":[102],"cm,":[103],"while":[104],"best":[106],"achievable":[107],"precision":[108],"2.7":[110],"cm":[111],"50-MHz":[114],"modulation":[115],"frequency.":[116]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
