{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2170119490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","title":"A 120 dB Dynamic Range 400 mW Class-D Speaker Driver With Fourth-Order PWM Modulator","display_name":"A 120 dB Dynamic Range 400 mW Class-D Speaker Driver With Fourth-Order PWM Modulator","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-07-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2170119490","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","mag":"2170119490"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032623175","display_name":"Minsheng Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minsheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113629781","display_name":"Xicheng Jiang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xicheng Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027155334","display_name":"Jungwoo Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jungwoo Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110283064","display_name":"Todd L. Brooks","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210127325","display_name":"Broadcom (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/035gt5s03","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Todd L. Brooks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Broadcom Corporation Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210127325"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.3917,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8860724,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"8","first_page":"1427","last_page":"1435"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11233","display_name":"Advanced Adaptive Filtering Techniques","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11248","display_name":"Advanced Power Amplifier Design","score":0.989799976348877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.6814401149749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.6464342474937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-range","display_name":"Dynamic range","score":0.6239404678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5770804286003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-dynamic-range","display_name":"High dynamic range","score":0.5550450086593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5028969645500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.48195621371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-edge","display_name":"Signal edge","score":0.47185444831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedback-loop","display_name":"Feedback loop","score":0.41503268480300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.4145233929157257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signal-processing","display_name":"Digital signal processing","score":0.26480966806411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.2570819854736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.23054450750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22425979375839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1777631938457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.16096121072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.15929442644119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-signal","display_name":"Analog signal","score":0.1421952247619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.10528841614723206}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.6814401149749756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.6464342474937439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87133666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161699","display_name":"Dynamic range","level":2,"score":0.6239404678344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5770804286003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780056265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106239881","display_name":"High dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.5550450086593628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5028969645500183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.48195621371269226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117525741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775654","display_name":"Signal edge","level":4,"score":0.47185444831848145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186886427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441213","display_name":"Feedback loop","level":2,"score":0.41503268480300903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.4145233929157257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84462506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173142","display_name":"Digital signal processing","level":2,"score":0.26480966806411743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2570819854736328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.23054450750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22425979375839233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1777631938457489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.16096121072769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15929442644119263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13412647","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174948","display_name":"Analog signal","level":3,"score":0.1421952247619629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.10528841614723206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2010.2047426","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1531446014","https://openalex.org/W1533344184","https://openalex.org/W1965142699","https://openalex.org/W2044596837","https://openalex.org/W2068499726","https://openalex.org/W2079351711","https://openalex.org/W2099944833","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6667771501"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2884377208","https://openalex.org/W2525745698","https://openalex.org/W2010724756","https://openalex.org/W2152030049","https://openalex.org/W2564543331","https://openalex.org/W2410869481","https://openalex.org/W2466475649","https://openalex.org/W1967888462","https://openalex.org/W2371190228","https://openalex.org/W4224781608"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"efficiency":[1,157],"Class-D":[2,39],"speaker":[3,141,163],"drivers":[4],"have":[5],"become":[6],"ubiquitous":[7],"in":[8,27,42],"battery":[9],"driven":[10],"mobile":[11],"audio":[12,32,127],"applications.":[13],"Analog":[14],"switching":[15,31],"errors":[16,97],"and":[17,80,129,165],"timing":[18,84],"jitter":[19],"are":[20,107],"known":[21],"limitations":[22,37],"to":[23,99],"the":[24,38,70,92,103,110,116,131],"dynamic":[25,147],"range":[26,148],"these":[28,36],"types":[29],"of":[30,91,102,115,133,171],"drivers.":[33],"To":[34],"overcome":[35],"architecture":[40,53],"chosen":[41],"this":[43],"paper":[44],"provides":[45,81,154],"a":[46,57,74,87,124,134,140,150,167],"low":[47],"667":[48],"kHz":[49,152],"pulse":[50,82],"rate.":[51],"This":[52],"is":[54],"based":[55],"on":[56],"4th-order":[58],"digital":[59,117,126],"modulator":[60,67,118],"with":[61,109,139],"pulse-width":[62],"modulation":[63],"(PWM)":[64],"feedback.":[65],"The":[66,121],"loop":[68,113],"processes":[69],"PWM":[71,105],"signals":[72,106],"at":[73],"high":[75,111],"24":[76],"MHz":[77],"clock":[78,89],"rate,":[79],"edge":[83],"resolution":[85],"within":[86],"single":[88],"period":[90],"high-rate":[93],"clock.":[94],"Timing":[95],"distortion":[96],"due":[98],"uniform":[100],"sampling":[101],"low-rate":[104],"reduced":[108],"forward":[112],"gain":[114],"feedback":[119],"loop.":[120],"driver":[122],"receives":[123],"22-bit":[125],"input":[128],"combines":[130],"functionality":[132],"high-fidelity":[135],"digital-to-analog":[136],"converter":[137],"(DAC)":[138],"driver.":[142],"It":[143],"achieves":[144],"120":[145],"dB":[146],"over":[149],"20":[151],"bandwidth,":[153],"88%":[155],"power":[156],"while":[158],"driving":[159],"an":[160],"8":[161],"\u03a9":[162],"load,":[164],"consumes":[166],"total":[168],"quiescent":[169],"current":[170],"2.4":[172],"mA.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}