{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2172173999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","title":"Large-Scale SRAM Variability Characterization in 45 nm CMOS","display_name":"Large-Scale SRAM Variability Characterization in 45 nm CMOS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2172173999","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","mag":"2172173999"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007891380","display_name":"Zheng Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8615-9749"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039763715","display_name":"Andrew E. Carlson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210137977","display_name":"Advanced Micro Devices (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04kd6c783","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Micro Devices, USA","Adv. Micro Devices, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Micro Devices, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adv. Micro Devices, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210137977"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054062234","display_name":"Liang-Teck Pang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114115","display_name":"IBM Research - Thomas J. Watson Research Center","ror":"https://ror.org/0265w5591","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227","https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang-Teck Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, IBM Thomson J.Watson Research Center, NY, USA","IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, IBM Thomson J.Watson Research Center, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM T.J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114115"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111541367","display_name":"Kenneth Duong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth T. Duong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems, USA","Sun Microsyst., CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems, USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsyst., CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039334041","display_name":"Tsu\u2010Jae King Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1221-2540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsu-Jae King Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041784384","display_name":"Borivoje Nikoli\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2324-1715"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Borivoje Nikolic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci., Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007891380"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.8326,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98193726,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"11","first_page":"3174","last_page":"3192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10363","display_name":"Low-power high-performance VLSI design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.9590964317321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5246784090995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5221267342567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/characterization","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","score":0.5164923667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.4710678458213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.4402560889720917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.43497827649116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scaling","display_name":"Scaling","score":0.4135768413543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.382566899061203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.36654233932495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3542572259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1989859938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1486789882183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.1346452832221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09646213054656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.09152394533157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.05792713165283203}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.9590964317321777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5246784090995789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5221267342567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780841128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5073781","display_name":"Characterization (materials science)","level":2,"score":0.5164923667907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.4710678458213806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4402560889720917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.43497827649116516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99844830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q102441924","display_name":"Scaling","level":2,"score":0.4135768413543701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.382566899061203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.36654233932495117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3542572259902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1989859938621521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1486789882183075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.1346452832221985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09646213054656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.09152394533157349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.05792713165283203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2032698","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.228.5170","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.5170","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.eecs.berkeley.edu/%7Ebora/Journals/2009/JSSC2009-Nov.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499824786","https://openalex.org/W1505220924","https://openalex.org/W1630157757","https://openalex.org/W1973081841","https://openalex.org/W1991507700","https://openalex.org/W1992606738","https://openalex.org/W2002612140","https://openalex.org/W2003644260","https://openalex.org/W2006992622","https://openalex.org/W2025320861","https://openalex.org/W2034405781","https://openalex.org/W2040340176","https://openalex.org/W2049520384","https://openalex.org/W2072796287","https://openalex.org/W2073680165","https://openalex.org/W2101003251","https://openalex.org/W2101255991","https://openalex.org/W2113488294","https://openalex.org/W2124340473","https://openalex.org/W2125347149","https://openalex.org/W2128377660","https://openalex.org/W2132357267","https://openalex.org/W2148393400","https://openalex.org/W2149956781","https://openalex.org/W2151824694","https://openalex.org/W2155153274","https://openalex.org/W2159801533","https://openalex.org/W2162583644","https://openalex.org/W2172203429","https://openalex.org/W2543171663","https://openalex.org/W2545471485","https://openalex.org/W2548117522","https://openalex.org/W2801830100","https://openalex.org/W3148792909","https://openalex.org/W4245604880","https://openalex.org/W6648341231","https://openalex.org/W6679234847","https://openalex.org/W6729174349","https://openalex.org/W6827280168"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3151633427","https://openalex.org/W2212894501","https://openalex.org/W2793465010","https://openalex.org/W3024050170","https://openalex.org/W4293253840","https://openalex.org/W4378977321","https://openalex.org/W2967161359","https://openalex.org/W4308090481","https://openalex.org/W3211992815","https://openalex.org/W2119025037"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Increased":[0],"process":[1],"variability":[2],"presents":[3,64],"a":[4,65,89],"major":[5],"challenge":[6],"for":[7,24,67],"future":[8],"SRAM":[9,16,29,32,60,77,95,104,113],"scaling.":[10],"Fast":[11],"and":[12,19,49,73,100],"accurate":[13],"validation":[14],"of":[15,70],"read":[17,71],"stability":[18,72,105],"writeability":[20,74],"margins":[21],"is":[22,86],"crucial":[23],"estimating":[25],"yield":[26],"in":[27,58,75,88],"large":[28],"arrays.":[30,61],"Conventional":[31],"read/write":[33,96,114],"metrics":[34,97,115],"are":[35,41,98],"characterized":[36],"through":[37],"test":[38,84],"structures":[39],"that":[40],"able":[42],"to":[43,53,111],"provide":[44],"limited":[45],"hardware":[46],"measurement":[47],"data":[48],"cannot":[50],"be":[51],"used":[52],"investigate":[54],"cell":[55],"bit":[56],"fails":[57],"functional":[59,76],"This":[62],"work":[63],"method":[66],"large-scale":[68],"characterization":[69],"arrays":[78],"using":[79],"direct":[80],"bit-line":[81],"measurements.":[82],"A":[83],"chip":[85],"implemented":[87],"45":[90],"nm":[91],"CMOS":[92],"process.":[93],"Large-scale":[94],"measured":[99],"compared":[101],"against":[102],"conventional":[103,112],"metrics.":[106],"Results":[107],"show":[108],"excellent":[109],"correlation":[110],"as":[116,118],"well":[117],"V":[119],"<sub":[120],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[121],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">MIN</sub>":[122],"measurements":[123],"near":[124],"failure.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":14}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
