{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024396782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","title":"A 2.4 GHz Low-Power Sixth-Order RF Bandpass $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Converter in CMOS","display_name":"A 2.4 GHz Low-Power Sixth-Order RF Bandpass $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Converter in CMOS","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024396782","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","mag":"2024396782"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103112055","display_name":"Julien Ryckaert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0140-3042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Julien Ryckaert","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084106397","display_name":"Jonathan Borremans","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan Borremans","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059301076","display_name":"Bob Verbruggen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bob Verbruggen","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065017418","display_name":"Lynn Bos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lynn Bos","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070124425","display_name":"Costantino Armiento","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}],"countries":["BE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Costantino Armiento","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042750271","display_name":"Jan Craninckx","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3980-0203"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Craninckx","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073931298","display_name":"Geert Van der Plas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4975-6672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210114974","display_name":"IMEC","ror":"https://ror.org/02kcbn207","country_code":"BE","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geert Van der Plas","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMEC, Leuven, Belgium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMEC, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103112055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210114974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.528,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97989199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"11","first_page":"2873","last_page":"2880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6843280792236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.63020920753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-pass-filter","display_name":"Band-pass filter","score":0.62928307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spurious-free-dynamic-range","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","score":0.6078216433525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/undersampling","display_name":"Undersampling","score":0.5955642461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.5508140325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5257347822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5222533345222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4957040548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/center-frequency","display_name":"Center frequency","score":0.4699801504611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.41481804847717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.38457489013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2191270887851715}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6843280792236328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.63020920753479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147788027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2718101","display_name":"Band-pass filter","level":2,"score":0.62928307056427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119293636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q657480","display_name":"Spurious-free dynamic range","level":3,"score":0.6078216433525085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136536468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225894","display_name":"Undersampling","level":2,"score":0.5955642461776733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.5508140325546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5257347822189331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5222533345222473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4957040548324585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7054721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940572","display_name":"Center frequency","level":3,"score":0.4699801504611969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.41481804847717285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.38457489013671875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2191270887851715}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:57937","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/a-24-ghz-lowpower-sixthorder-rf-bandpass-delta-sigma-converter-in-cmos(34ab5cab-f178-49f7-9bc2-5a75b0f68d6e).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:57938","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/a-24-ghz-lowpower-sixthorder-rf-bandpass-delta-sigma-converter-in-cmos(aa39c887-6e9d-4e94-9274-64e56017f6f9).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vubissmart:VUBISSMART:2000:57943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://biblio.vub.ac.be/vubir/a-24-ghz-lowpower-sixthorder-rf-bandpass-delta-sigma-converter-in-cmos(5b1db4c5-580d-4484-908f-6586377b51d2).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402573","display_name":"VUBIR (Vrije Universiteit Brussel)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","host_organization_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527276089","https://openalex.org/W1991012581","https://openalex.org/W2071484340","https://openalex.org/W2084471278","https://openalex.org/W2103165337","https://openalex.org/W2116311095","https://openalex.org/W2143905081","https://openalex.org/W2144273553","https://openalex.org/W2156231941","https://openalex.org/W2158655989","https://openalex.org/W2160875584","https://openalex.org/W2162130828","https://openalex.org/W2162730243","https://openalex.org/W2538144085","https://openalex.org/W6675447087","https://openalex.org/W6683596712"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2128664218","https://openalex.org/W2113293319","https://openalex.org/W2124911477","https://openalex.org/W2072804028","https://openalex.org/W1965453741","https://openalex.org/W2044319823","https://openalex.org/W2164679691","https://openalex.org/W3023086838","https://openalex.org/W2102141309","https://openalex.org/W2352475234"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"sixth-order":[1],"RF":[2,17,40,118],"bandpass":[3,22],"DeltaSigma":[4],"ADC":[5],"operating":[6],"on":[7,27,89],"the":[8,39,46,50,53,65,76],"2.4":[9],"GHz":[10],"ISM":[11],"band,":[12],"which":[13],"is":[14,19,25],"suitable":[15],"for":[16],"digitization":[18,119],"presented.":[20],"The":[21],"loop":[23],"filter":[24],"based":[26],"digitally":[28],"programmable":[29],"Gm-LC":[30],"resonators":[31],"that":[32],"can":[33],"be":[34],"calibrated":[35],"online":[36],"to":[37,57,101],"adjust":[38],"center":[41],"frequency.":[42],"By":[43],"sampling":[44],"below":[45],"input":[47],"Nyquist":[48],"frequency,":[49],"clock":[51],"in":[52,69],"system":[54],"was":[55],"reduced":[56],"3":[58],"GHz,":[59],"allowing":[60],"a":[61,70,90,102,113],"large":[62],"reduction":[63],"of":[64,84,97,104],"power":[66,98],"consumption.":[67],"Implemented":[68],"standard":[71],"90":[72],"nm":[73],"CMOS":[74],"process,":[75],"IC":[77],"achieves":[78],"40":[79,95],"dB":[80,83],"and":[81,86],"62":[82],"SNDR":[85],"SFDR,":[87],"respectively,":[88],"60":[91],"MHz":[92],"bandwidth":[93],"with":[94],"mW":[96],"consumption":[99],"leading":[100],"FoM":[103],"245":[105],"GHz/W":[106],"(4.1":[107],"pJ/conversion":[108],"step).":[109],"This":[110],"implementation":[111],"paves":[112],"possible":[114],"way":[115],"towards":[116],"direct":[117],"receiver":[120],"architectures.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}