{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2047942249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","title":"An All-Digital RF Signal Generator Using High-Speed $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Modulators","display_name":"An All-Digital RF Signal Generator Using High-Speed $\\Delta\\Sigma$ Modulators","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2047942249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","mag":"2047942249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058358482","display_name":"Antoine Frapp\u00e9","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0977-549X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I95457486","display_name":"University of California, Berkeley","ror":"https://ror.org/01an7q238","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Antoine Frappe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","[Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Berkeley Wireless Research Center, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054457448","display_name":"Axel Flament","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132279224","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'\u00c9lectronique et du Num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/017h2rd72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Axel Flament","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019601513","display_name":"Bruno Stefanelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-2892"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132279224","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'\u00c9lectronique et du Num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/017h2rd72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruno Stefanelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050072377","display_name":"Andreas Kaiser","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0377-7408"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123471","display_name":"Institut d'\u00e9lectronique de micro\u00e9lectronique et de nanotechnologie","ror":"https://ror.org/02q4res37","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I137614889","https://openalex.org/I2279609970","https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210095849","https://openalex.org/I4210123471","https://openalex.org/I4387154098","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I70348806","https://openalex.org/I7454413"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3132279224","display_name":"Institut Sup\u00e9rieur de l'\u00c9lectronique et du Num\u00e9rique","ror":"https://ror.org/017h2rd72","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN ISEN, Lille, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IEMN/ISEN, Lille, France#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3132279224","https://openalex.org/I4210123471"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5105836542","display_name":"Andreia Cathelin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104693","display_name":"STMicroelectronics (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/01c74sd89","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131827901","https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreia Cathelin","raw_affiliation_strings":["STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","STMicrolectronics, TR&D, Crolles, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicroelectronics, Crolles, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"STMicrolectronics, TR&D, Crolles, France","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058358482"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I95457486"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0798,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":111,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96508228,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"10","first_page":"2722","last_page":"2732"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-sigma-modulation","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","score":0.6204462051391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.5971027612686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5467917919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-generator","display_name":"Clock generator","score":0.49664074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-rate","display_name":"Clock rate","score":0.47444355487823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46455997228622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/umts-frequency-bands","display_name":"UMTS frequency bands","score":0.44708237051963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.44358018040657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43590623140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3458141088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3266761898994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.29457950592041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-circuit","display_name":"Electronic circuit","score":0.1659807562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.12519505620002747}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68754193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1184820","display_name":"Delta-sigma modulation","level":3,"score":0.6204462051391602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.5971027612686157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5467917919158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2164847","display_name":"Clock generator","level":4,"score":0.49664074182510376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178693496","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q911691","display_name":"Clock rate","level":3,"score":0.47444355487823486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46455997228622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101618186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3633928","display_name":"UMTS frequency bands","level":2,"score":0.44708237051963806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.44358018040657043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43590623140335083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3458141088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3266761898994446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.29457950592041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134146338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1815901","display_name":"Electronic circuit","level":2,"score":0.1659807562828064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.12519505620002747}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2028406","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00471973v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00471973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, 2009, 44, pp.2722-2732. &#x27E8;10.1109/JSSC.2009.2028406&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44116958","https://openalex.org/W68183115","https://openalex.org/W1531479174","https://openalex.org/W1584308626","https://openalex.org/W1890465585","https://openalex.org/W1923830671","https://openalex.org/W2034697874","https://openalex.org/W2055420975","https://openalex.org/W2061405966","https://openalex.org/W2068251176","https://openalex.org/W2086364230","https://openalex.org/W2095032015","https://openalex.org/W2095652772","https://openalex.org/W2106703655","https://openalex.org/W2118927565","https://openalex.org/W2119186385","https://openalex.org/W2131736450","https://openalex.org/W2139566100","https://openalex.org/W2150398223","https://openalex.org/W2156256067","https://openalex.org/W2179627903","https://openalex.org/W2285400746","https://openalex.org/W6602788250","https://openalex.org/W6631954717"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151858599","https://openalex.org/W2172451925","https://openalex.org/W2353619486","https://openalex.org/W2071924372","https://openalex.org/W2151732449","https://openalex.org/W1582186593","https://openalex.org/W2109547927","https://openalex.org/W2115448026","https://openalex.org/W2364596480","https://openalex.org/W2145442218"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"An":[0],"all-digital":[1],"RF":[2,83],"signal":[3],"generator":[4],"using":[5,93,107],"DeltaSigma":[6,153],"modulation":[7],"and":[8,28,135],"targeted":[9],"at":[10,33,45,126],"transmitters":[11],"for":[12,120,152,176],"mobile":[13],"communication":[14],"terminals":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"implemented":[18],"in":[19],"90":[20],"nm":[21],"CMOS.":[22],"Techniques":[23],"such":[24],"as":[25],"redundant":[26],"logic":[27],"non-exact":[29],"quantization":[30],"allow":[31],"operation":[32],"up":[34,85],"to":[35,77,86],"4":[36,139],"GHz":[37,48,79,88,110,128,140],"sample":[38,71],"rate,":[39,72],"providing":[40],"a":[41,46,56,108,121,157],"50":[42,75],"MHz":[43,76,123],"bandwidth":[44],"1":[47,78,158],"center":[49],"frequency.":[50,112],"The":[51,113],"peak":[52],"output":[53,130],"power":[54,131,145],"into":[55],"100":[57],"Omega":[58],"diff.":[59],"load":[60],"is":[61,116,147,165],"3.1":[62],"dBm":[63,134],"with":[64,129],"53.6":[65],"dB":[66,119],"SNDR.":[67],"By":[68],"adjusting":[69],"the":[70,94,143,177],"carriers":[73],"from":[74],"can":[80,89,103],"be":[81,90,104],"synthesized.":[82],"signals":[84],"3":[87],"synthesized":[91],"when":[92],"first":[95],"image":[96],"band.":[97],"As":[98],"an":[99],"example,":[100],"UMTS":[101],"standard":[102],"addressed":[105],"by":[106],"2.6":[109],"clock":[111,141],"measured":[114],"ACPR":[115],"then":[117],"44":[118],"5":[122],"WCDMA":[124],"channel":[125],"1.95":[127],"of":[132],"-16":[133],"3.4%":[136],"EVM.":[137],"At":[138],"frequency":[142],"total":[144,162],"consumption":[146],"120":[148],"mW":[149,151],"(49":[150],"modulator":[154],"core)":[155],"on":[156],"V":[159],"supply":[160],"voltage,":[161],"die":[163],"area":[164],"3.2":[166],"mm":[167,172],"<sup":[168,173],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[169,174],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[170,175],"(0.15":[171],"active":[178],"area).":[179]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
