{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2136600760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","title":"A Highly Integrated 1.8 GHz Frequency Synthesizer Based on a MEMS Resonator","display_name":"A Highly Integrated 1.8 GHz Frequency Synthesizer Based on a MEMS Resonator","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2136600760","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","mag":"2136600760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058919102","display_name":"Fr\u00e9d\u00e9ric Nabki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2281-7172"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederic Nabki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113550654","display_name":"Karim Allidina","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karim Allidina","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113933570","display_name":"Faisal R. Ahmad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3137-6259"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faisal Ahmad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086765627","display_name":"Paul-Vah\u00e9 Cicek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3665-0721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul-Vahe Cicek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103375516","display_name":"Mourad N. El-Gamal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5023651","display_name":"McGill University","ror":"https://ror.org/01pxwe438","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mourad N. El-Gamal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QUE, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., McGill Univ., Montreal, QC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5023651"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.2302,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":63,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94038557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"8","first_page":"2154","last_page":"2168"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resonator","display_name":"Resonator","score":0.8611621260643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microelectromechanical-systems","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","score":0.622902512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-synthesizer","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","score":0.5697170495986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.5270692706108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.524724543094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5245380997657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47199109196662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4556967318058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4428880214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.39648547768592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.3152589797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.29805663228034973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97126364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q349669","display_name":"Resonator","level":2,"score":0.8611621260643005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37977207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175561","display_name":"Microelectromechanical systems","level":2,"score":0.622902512550354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182099602","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2660678","display_name":"Frequency synthesizer","level":4,"score":0.5697170495986938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.5270692706108093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.524724543094635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5245380997657776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47199109196662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4556967318058014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4428880214691162},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.39648547768592834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.3152589797973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.29805663228034973}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2022914","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.800000011920929}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":52,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W140472662","https://openalex.org/W562252231","https://openalex.org/W1491669295","https://openalex.org/W1492984241","https://openalex.org/W1504358144","https://openalex.org/W1536916258","https://openalex.org/W1560135513","https://openalex.org/W1565120624","https://openalex.org/W1604530453","https://openalex.org/W1677884181","https://openalex.org/W1923155104","https://openalex.org/W1973160670","https://openalex.org/W2001562117","https://openalex.org/W2018019678","https://openalex.org/W2020514965","https://openalex.org/W2030013474","https://openalex.org/W2058774379","https://openalex.org/W2077138599","https://openalex.org/W2084839438","https://openalex.org/W2095929384","https://openalex.org/W2097009179","https://openalex.org/W2097674781","https://openalex.org/W2099801150","https://openalex.org/W2100424833","https://openalex.org/W2112352273","https://openalex.org/W2114304616","https://openalex.org/W2115407329","https://openalex.org/W2117977707","https://openalex.org/W2121341028","https://openalex.org/W2124340165","https://openalex.org/W2126973135","https://openalex.org/W2127823277","https://openalex.org/W2129714126","https://openalex.org/W2130228556","https://openalex.org/W2132914205","https://openalex.org/W2139625690","https://openalex.org/W2140743003","https://openalex.org/W2140936624","https://openalex.org/W2150017286","https://openalex.org/W2160054859","https://openalex.org/W2160959123","https://openalex.org/W2162551539","https://openalex.org/W2167586120","https://openalex.org/W2170985556","https://openalex.org/W2172298267","https://openalex.org/W2506282711","https://openalex.org/W2526167378","https://openalex.org/W2539631571","https://openalex.org/W2545615545","https://openalex.org/W6629523183","https://openalex.org/W6669749970","https://openalex.org/W6729111349"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2587892165","https://openalex.org/W2474043983","https://openalex.org/W2330020385","https://openalex.org/W2359366503","https://openalex.org/W2537716684","https://openalex.org/W2078513307","https://openalex.org/W2371350995","https://openalex.org/W2566880546","https://openalex.org/W2161157531","https://openalex.org/W2544336511"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,229],"highly":[1],"integrated":[2,147,231],"1.7-2.0":[3],"GHz":[4,260],"digitally":[5],"programmable":[6],"frequency":[7,116,220,262],"synthesizer":[8,196],"using":[9,63,77],"a":[10,36,45,68,78,121,156,198,205,241,248,258,264,273,281],"MEMS":[11,24,71,184],"resonator":[12,157],"as":[13,67,141,143],"its":[14],"reference":[15,163,267],"is":[16,85,118,153,237,269],"presented.":[17],"Due":[18],"to":[19,62,104,158,171,203,215,239],"the":[20,23,32,53,59,92,132,135,160,173,180,183,254],"dimensions":[21],"of":[22,39,58,87,131,137,182,209,244,251],"device":[25],"(e.g.,":[26],"25":[27],"mum":[28],"by":[29],"114":[30],"mum),":[31],"entire":[33],"system":[34,245],"with":[35,94,155,224],"total":[37],"area":[38],"6.25":[40],"mm2can":[41],"be":[42],"housed":[43],"in":[44,213],"small":[46],"standard":[47],"chip":[48],"package.":[49],"This":[50],"considerably":[51],"reduces":[52],"form":[54],"factor":[55],"and":[56,99,110,179,263,277],"cost":[57],"system,":[60],"compared":[61,103],"an":[64,114,225],"external":[65],"crystal":[66],"reference.":[69],"The":[70,81,106,125,165,193],"resonators":[72,93,107,133],"are":[73,108],"clamped-clamped":[74],"beams":[75],"fabricated":[76],"CMOS-compatible":[79],"process.":[80],"main":[82],"structural":[83],"layer":[84],"made":[86],"silicon":[88],"carbide,":[89],"which":[90],"provides":[91],"higher":[95,100],"power":[96,176],"handling":[97,177],"capabilities":[98,178],"operating":[101],"frequencies,":[102],"silicon.":[105],"electrostatically":[109],"thermally":[111],"tunable":[112],"-":[113],"8.4%":[115],"tuning":[117],"demonstrated":[119],"for":[120,217,257],"9":[122],"MHz":[123,266,283],"resonator.":[124],"100":[126],"nm":[127],"vertical":[128],"transducer":[129],"gaps":[130],"allow":[134,216],"use":[136],"electrostatic":[138],"actuation":[139],"voltages":[140],"low":[142,175],"2":[144,252],"V.":[145],"An":[146],"high":[148,218,242],"gain-bandwidth":[149],"trans-impedance":[150],"amplifier":[151],"(TIA)":[152],"combined":[154],"generate":[159],"synthesizer's":[161],"input":[162],"signal.":[164],"TIA":[166],"employs":[167,197],"automatic":[168],"gain":[169],"control":[170],"mitigate":[172],"inherent":[174],"non-linearities":[181],"device,":[185],"thus":[186],"minimizing":[187],"their":[188],"effect":[189],"on":[190],"phase":[191,255],"noise.":[192],"fractional-":[194],"N":[195],"3rd-order":[199],"20-bit":[200],"delta-sigma":[201],"modulator":[202],"deliver":[204],"theoretical":[206],"output":[207,219,261],"resolution":[208],"~":[210],"11":[211],"Hz,":[212],"order":[214],"stability":[221],"when":[222],"used":[223,238],"appropriate":[226],"feedback":[227],"loop.":[228],"fully":[230],"on-chip":[232],"dual":[233],"path":[234],"loop":[235],"filter":[236],"maintain":[240],"level":[243],"integration.":[246],"With":[247],"supply":[249],"voltage":[250],"V,":[253],"noise":[256],"1.8":[259],"~12":[265],"signal":[268],"-122":[270],"dBc/Hz":[271,279],"at":[272,280],"600":[274],"kHz":[275],"offset,":[276],"-137":[278],"3":[282],"offset.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
