{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2100957399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","title":"A Low Jitter Programmable Clock Multiplier Based on a Pulse Injection-Locked Oscillator With a Highly-Digital Tuning Loop","display_name":"A Low Jitter Programmable Clock Multiplier Based on a Pulse Injection-Locked Oscillator With a Highly-Digital Tuning Loop","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2100957399","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","mag":"2100957399"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52605","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084990087","display_name":"Belal M. Helal","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154351","display_name":"Marvell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wmff902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092679","https://openalex.org/I4210154351"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Belal M. Helal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marvell Semiconductor, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marvell Semiconductor, Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154351"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109236890","display_name":"Chun-Ming Hsu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1341412227","display_name":"IBM (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05hh8d621","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chun-Ming Hsu","raw_affiliation_strings":["IBM, East Fishkill, NY, USA","Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IBM, East Fishkill, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1341412227"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108487392","display_name":"Kerwin Johnson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerwin Johnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054497844","display_name":"Michael H. Perrott","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael H. Perrott","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","SiTime Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SiTime Corporation, Sunnyvale, CA, USA","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084990087"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154351","https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2898,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":109,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.921914,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"5","first_page":"1391","last_page":"1400"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jitter","display_name":"Jitter","score":0.8927692174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.6609060764312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.6158928871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cpu-multiplier","display_name":"CPU multiplier","score":0.5188318490982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-locked-loop","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","score":0.5003750324249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"Injection locking","score":0.4786219000816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.46167469024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.44162243604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitally-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","score":0.4388958215713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4195641279220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.3897654116153717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-frequency-oscillator","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","score":0.3876326084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3685562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synchronous-circuit","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","score":0.24666553735733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clock-signal","display_name":"Clock signal","score":0.2096935510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.19083356857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.10562926530838013}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134652429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052698","display_name":"Jitter","level":2,"score":0.8927692174911499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.6609060764312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.6158928871154785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125576049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2246273","display_name":"CPU multiplier","level":5,"score":0.5188318490982056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12707504","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52637","display_name":"Phase-locked loop","level":3,"score":0.5003750324249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101476363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798800","display_name":"Injection locking","level":3,"score":0.4786219000816345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.46167469024658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.44162243604660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167872736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276224","display_name":"Digitally controlled oscillator","level":5,"score":0.4388958215713501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4195641279220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3897654116153717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120164764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q705396","display_name":"Variable-frequency oscillator","level":4,"score":0.3876326084136963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3685562014579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42196554","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1186179","display_name":"Synchronous circuit","level":4,"score":0.24666553735733032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137059387","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q426882","display_name":"Clock signal","level":3,"score":0.2096935510635376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.19083356857299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.10562926530838013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2009.2015816","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/52605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.mit.edu:1721.1/52605","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/52605","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400425","display_name":"DSpace@MIT (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","host_organization_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE","raw_type":"http://purl.org/eprint/type/JournalArticle"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309369","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1568860942","https://openalex.org/W1577495577","https://openalex.org/W1988426918","https://openalex.org/W1998139382","https://openalex.org/W2016167819","https://openalex.org/W2038445771","https://openalex.org/W2096434843","https://openalex.org/W2096615643","https://openalex.org/W2110144707","https://openalex.org/W2121854746","https://openalex.org/W2129102896","https://openalex.org/W2139625690","https://openalex.org/W2161139924","https://openalex.org/W2161455871","https://openalex.org/W2476112607","https://openalex.org/W3217475644","https://openalex.org/W6679203573"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2283201674","https://openalex.org/W2066308123","https://openalex.org/W2147953646","https://openalex.org/W2900936676","https://openalex.org/W2563745415","https://openalex.org/W2186425379","https://openalex.org/W2340951425","https://openalex.org/W2223905331","https://openalex.org/W2162738614","https://openalex.org/W1577495577"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"a":[3,15,47,51,76,80,85,96],"pulse":[4],"injection-locked":[5],"oscillator":[6,29],"(PILO)":[7],"that":[8,31],"provides":[9,24],"low":[10,86],"jitter":[11,87,109],"clock":[12],"multiplication":[13],"of":[14,27,50,60,69,110],"clean":[16],"input":[17],"reference":[18,90,104],"clock.":[19],"A":[20],"mostly-digital":[21],"feedback":[22],"circuit":[23,56],"continuous":[25],"tuning":[26],"the":[28,38,92],"such":[30],"its":[32],"natural":[33],"frequency":[34],"is":[35,44],"locked":[36],"to":[37],"injected":[39],"frequency.":[40],"The":[41],"proposed":[42],"system":[43],"demonstrated":[45],"with":[46,57,73,100],"prototype":[48,94],"consisting":[49],"custom":[52],"0.13":[53],"mum":[54],"integrated":[55,101],"active":[58],"area":[59],"0.4":[61],"mm":[62],"<sup":[63],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[64],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[65],"and":[66,79,106,116],"core":[67],"power":[68],"28.6":[70],"mW,":[71],"along":[72],"an":[74],"FPGA,":[75],"discrete":[77],"DAC":[78],"simple":[81],"RC":[82],"filter.":[83],"Using":[84],"50":[88],"MHz":[89],"input,":[91],"PILO":[93],"generates":[95],"3.2":[97],"GHz":[98],"output":[99],"phase":[102],"noise,":[103],"spur,":[105],"estimated":[107],"deterministic":[108],"130":[111],"fs":[112,118],"(rms),":[113],"-63.9":[114],"dBc,":[115],"200":[117],"(peak-to-peak),":[119],"respectively.":[120]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}