{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2103193270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","title":"A Low-Power Fully Implantable 15-Channel Retinal Stimulator Chip","display_name":"A Low-Power Fully Implantable 15-Channel Retinal Stimulator Chip","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2103193270","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","mag":"2103193270"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038645932","display_name":"Luke Theogarajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0320-5023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154570441","display_name":"University of California, Santa Barbara","ror":"https://ror.org/02t274463","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Luke S. Theogarajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California,\uc2a0Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California,\uc2a0Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electr. & Comput. Eng., California Univ., Santa Barbara, CA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038645932"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154570441"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0538,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":77,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92178179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"10","first_page":"2322","last_page":"2337"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11601","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neural Engineering","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12236","display_name":"Photoreceptor and optogenetics research","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.7013688087463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6597561240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.48100385069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.4706380069255829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4636799693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.44437214732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-width-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","score":0.4320620000362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverter","display_name":"Inverter","score":0.41990557312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3787976801395416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.28625476360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.26129963994026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.17661845684051514}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.7013688087463379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6597561240196228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.48100385069847107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.4706380069255829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4636799693107605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.44437214732170105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92746544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q585184","display_name":"Pulse-width modulation","level":3,"score":0.4320620000362396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11190779","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q664575","display_name":"Inverter","level":3,"score":0.41990557312965393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3787976801395416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28625476360321045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.26129963994026184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.17661845684051514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2008.2004331","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S83637746","display_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","issn_l":"0018-9200","issn":["0018-9200","1558-173X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1134429693","https://openalex.org/W1162135458","https://openalex.org/W1493829357","https://openalex.org/W1511688816","https://openalex.org/W1544623790","https://openalex.org/W1564201208","https://openalex.org/W1817736319","https://openalex.org/W1977251298","https://openalex.org/W1989157562","https://openalex.org/W2026659547","https://openalex.org/W2039469634","https://openalex.org/W2040810246","https://openalex.org/W2042728692","https://openalex.org/W2046657585","https://openalex.org/W2051385641","https://openalex.org/W2051923857","https://openalex.org/W2062684659","https://openalex.org/W2079557092","https://openalex.org/W2114953806","https://openalex.org/W2121065779","https://openalex.org/W2125666370","https://openalex.org/W2126095665","https://openalex.org/W2139081844","https://openalex.org/W2160326715","https://openalex.org/W2163713225","https://openalex.org/W2171196856","https://openalex.org/W2992444949","https://openalex.org/W3147616483","https://openalex.org/W3147897646","https://openalex.org/W3184666341","https://openalex.org/W6627155076","https://openalex.org/W6627653295","https://openalex.org/W6638304226","https://openalex.org/W6670505243","https://openalex.org/W6770551810"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3014521742","https://openalex.org/W2617868873","https://openalex.org/W3204141294","https://openalex.org/W2040398333","https://openalex.org/W4306968100","https://openalex.org/W1878742981","https://openalex.org/W4390604093","https://openalex.org/W98453623","https://openalex.org/W2340624421","https://openalex.org/W2020925769"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Retinal":[0],"prostheses":[1],"are":[2],"being":[3],"developed":[4],"around":[5],"the":[6,51,64,68,96,155,163,167,176,222],"world":[7],"in":[8,63,77],"hopes":[9],"of":[10,20,33,88,104,166],"restoring":[11],"useful":[12],"vision":[13],"for":[14],"patients":[15],"suffering":[16],"from":[17,50,149],"certain":[18],"types":[19],"diseases":[21],"like":[22],"age-related":[23],"macular":[24],"degeneration":[25],"(AMD)":[26],"and":[27,42,53,94,154,183,202,214],"retinitis":[28],"pigmentosa.":[29],"The":[30,46,72,106,126,143,196,209],"central":[31],"component":[32],"an":[34,59,86,132],"electrical":[35],"retinal":[36,70],"prosthesis":[37],"is":[38,108,118,129,160,186,205],"a":[39,78,112,122,139,189],"wirelessly":[40],"powered":[41,109],"driven":[43],"stimulator":[44],"chip.":[45],"chip":[47,73,107,197],"receives":[48],"commands":[49],"outside":[52],"outputs":[54],"biphasic":[55],"current":[56,97,210],"pulses":[57],"to":[58,120,151,178],"electrode":[60],"array":[61],"placed":[62],"retina":[65],"that":[66],"stimulate":[67],"remaining":[69],"neurons.":[71],"contains":[74],"30\\thinspace000":[75],"transistors":[76],"0.5":[79],"mum":[80],"technology":[81],"(two-poly":[82],"three-metal,":[83],"2P3M),":[84],"occupies":[85],"area":[87],"2.3":[89,92],"mm":[90],"x":[91],"mm,":[93],"excluding":[95],"sources":[98],"consumes":[99],"less":[100],"than":[101],"2":[102],"mW":[103],"power.":[105],"inductively":[110],"via":[111],"125":[113],"kHz":[114,153],"power":[115],"signal":[116,128,137,177],"which":[117],"rectified":[119],"generate":[121],"plusmn2.5":[123],"V":[124],"supply.":[125],"data":[127,144,168,184],"transmitted":[130],"as":[131,162],"amplitude":[133],"shift":[134],"keyed":[135],"(ASK)":[136],"on":[138],"13.56":[140],"MHz":[141],"carrier.":[142],"rate":[145],"can":[146,198,217],"be":[147,218],"varied":[148],"25":[150],"714":[152],"symbol":[156],"(0":[157],"or":[158],"1)":[159],"encoded":[161],"pulse":[164,212],"width":[165],"signal.":[169],"A":[170],"self-biased":[171,190],"feedback-loop-based":[172],"single-to-differential":[173],"converter":[174],"restores":[175],"full":[179],"rail":[180],"levels.":[181],"Clock":[182],"recovery":[185],"performed":[187],"by":[188,220],"low-power":[191],"inverter-based":[192],"delay-locked":[193],"loop":[194],"(DLL).":[195],"receive":[199],"four":[200,223],"commands,":[201],"each":[203],"command":[204],"16":[206],"bits":[207],"long.":[208],"amplitude,":[211],"duration,":[213],"inter-pulse":[215],"duration":[216],"programmed":[219],"using":[221],"commands.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}