{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7084758338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940","title":"DNA Tails for Molecular Flash Memory","display_name":"DNA Tails for Molecular Flash Memory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7084758338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211895","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","issn_l":"2641-8770","issn":["2641-8770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jin Sima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4588-9790"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jin Sima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Chao Pan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1291425158","display_name":"Google (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00njsd438","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158","https://openalex.org/I4210128969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chao Pan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Google, Mountain View, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Google, Mountain View, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1291425158"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"S. Kasra Tabatabaei","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I115020962","display_name":"New England Biolabs (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04ywg3445","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I115020962"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Kasra Tabatabaei","raw_affiliation_strings":["New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I115020962"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alvaro G. Hernandez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6320-1550"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alvaro G. Hernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Roy J. Carver Biotechnology Center, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Charles M. Schroeder","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles M. Schroeder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Biophysics and Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Olgica Milenkovic","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-4912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157725225","display_name":"University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign","ror":"https://ror.org/047426m28","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olgica Milenkovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana&#x2013;Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157725225"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62570644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":null,"first_page":"458","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11395","display_name":"Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry and Applications","score":0.8496000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10597","display_name":"Nuclear reactor physics and engineering","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13414","display_name":"Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques","score":0.02370000071823597,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3108","display_name":"Radiation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encoding","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","score":0.6980999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limiting","display_name":"Limiting","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/permutation","display_name":"Permutation (music)","score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dna","display_name":"DNA","score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.38370001316070557}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.6980999708175659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.6111000180244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5562000274658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5557000041007996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.5483999848365784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21308566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7169365","display_name":"Permutation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5461999773979187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552990157","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7430","display_name":"DNA","level":2,"score":0.47609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.43689998984336853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.38370001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.3779999911785126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35519999265670776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51679486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380546","display_name":"DNA sequencing","level":3,"score":0.35280001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.3450999855995178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165838908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q736777","display_name":"Calibration","level":2,"score":0.3361000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.3174999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186060115","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30336093","display_name":"Biological system","level":1,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.30480000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.29179999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.290800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.2728999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.27219998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.2712000012397766}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2025.3616940","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211895","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","issn_l":"2641-8770","issn":["2641-8770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3914162708","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF 18-07526","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4874076538","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"18-16913","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1743760387","https://openalex.org/W1946587648","https://openalex.org/W2003354802","https://openalex.org/W2025383314","https://openalex.org/W2049706221","https://openalex.org/W2076639947","https://openalex.org/W2091595716","https://openalex.org/W2114487425","https://openalex.org/W2131247562","https://openalex.org/W2162980030","https://openalex.org/W2951269465","https://openalex.org/W2963561675","https://openalex.org/W3015846461","https://openalex.org/W4220874937","https://openalex.org/W4221106659","https://openalex.org/W4281668376"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"DNA-based":[0],"data":[1,23],"storage":[2,60],"systems":[3],"face":[4],"practical":[5],"challenges":[6],"due":[7],"to":[8,17],"the":[9,19,28,41,97],"high":[10],"cost":[11],"of":[12,27,75,99,108,142],"DNA":[13,29,33,42,74],"synthesis.":[14],"A":[15],"strategy":[16],"address":[18],"problem":[20],"entails":[21],"encoding":[22,101,162],"via":[24,89],"topological":[25],"modifications":[26],"sugar-phosphate":[30],"backbone.":[31],"The":[32,78],"Punchcards":[34],"system,":[35],"which":[36],"introduces":[37],"nicks":[38],"(cuts)":[39],"in":[40],"backbone,":[43],"encodes":[44,63],"only":[45],"one":[46],"bit":[47],"per":[48],"nicking":[49,67],"site,":[50],"limiting":[51],"density.":[52],"We":[53,95],"propose":[54],"<italic":[55],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[56],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">DNA":[57],"Tails</i>,":[58],"a":[59,90,139],"paradigm":[61],"that":[62,146],"nonbinary":[64],"symbols":[65],"at":[66],"sites":[68],"by":[69],"growing":[70],"enzymatically":[71],"synthesized":[72],"single-stranded":[73],"varied":[76],"lengths.":[77],"average":[79],"tail":[80,116,134],"lengths":[81],"encode":[82],"multiple":[83],"information":[84],"bits":[85],"and":[86,104,114,160,163],"are":[87],"controlled":[88],"staggered":[91],"nicking-tail":[92],"extension":[93],"process.":[94],"demonstrate":[96],"feasibility":[98],"this":[100],"approach":[102],"experimentally":[103],"identify":[105],"common":[106],"sources":[107],"errors,":[109,122,136],"such":[110],"as":[111],"calibration":[112,121],"errors":[113],"stumped":[115,133],"growth":[117,135],"errors.":[118,150],"To":[119,131],"mitigate":[120],"we":[123,137],"use":[124],"rank":[125,143],"modulation":[126,144],"proposed":[127],"for":[128,156],"flash":[129],"memory.":[130],"correct":[132,148],"introduce":[138],"new":[140],"family":[141],"codes":[145,159],"can":[147],"\u201cstuck-at\u201d":[149],"Our":[151],"analytical":[152],"results":[153],"include":[154],"constructions":[155],"order-optimal-redundancy":[157],"permutation":[158],"accompanying":[161],"decoding":[164],"algorithms.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}