{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4390120002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","title":"Optimal Update Times for Stale Information Metrics Including the Age of Information","display_name":"Optimal Update Times for Stale Information Metrics Including the Age of Information","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4390120002","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8700143/9035652/10371395.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211895","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","issn_l":"2641-8770","issn":["2641-8770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8700143/9035652/10371395.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108187305","display_name":"Chris Ferguson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chris Ferguson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","the, United States"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"the, United States","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040295629","display_name":"Leonard Kleinrock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0662-707X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leonard Kleinrock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science Department, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108187305"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5888,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84871661,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":null,"first_page":"734","last_page":"746"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13553","display_name":"Age of Information Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10300","display_name":"Congenital Heart Disease Studies","score":0.9679999947547913,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11993","display_name":"Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research","score":0.954800009727478,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7810657024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sort","display_name":"sort","score":0.6814690828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value-of-information","display_name":"Value of information","score":0.5714629888534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5316370725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/simple","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","score":0.5307018160820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/value","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","score":0.45242393016815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.36750391125679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33918797969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.19242236018180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13946914672851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.13768726587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.09909325838088989}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7810657024383545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88548561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q347599","display_name":"sort","level":2,"score":0.6814690828323364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92424840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7912772","display_name":"Value of information","level":2,"score":0.5714629888534546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5316370725631714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780586882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7520643","display_name":"Simple (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5307018160820007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45242393016815186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.36750391125679016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33918797969818115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.19242236018180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13946914672851562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.13768726587295532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.09909325838088989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8700143/9035652/10371395.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211895","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","issn_l":"2641-8770","issn":["2641-8770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsait.2023.3344760","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/8700143/9035652/10371395.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210211895","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","issn_l":"2641-8770","issn":["2641-8770"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Information Theory","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5512207252","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"J-FBI-93-112","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G598194710","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DAAH-04-04-G-0364","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7747259733","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MDA-972-91-J-1011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","funder_display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332815","display_name":"Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390120002.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4390120002.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1932416753","https://openalex.org/W1993918491","https://openalex.org/W2030307969","https://openalex.org/W2038378248","https://openalex.org/W2040883277","https://openalex.org/W2051319868","https://openalex.org/W2069417241","https://openalex.org/W2163252714","https://openalex.org/W2606277810","https://openalex.org/W2649848418","https://openalex.org/W2744248483","https://openalex.org/W2748209407","https://openalex.org/W2768771208","https://openalex.org/W2913274360","https://openalex.org/W2961814621","https://openalex.org/W2964201926","https://openalex.org/W2998256712","https://openalex.org/W3041291604","https://openalex.org/W3045557651","https://openalex.org/W3045999987","https://openalex.org/W3137257456","https://openalex.org/W3214745864","https://openalex.org/W4205984110","https://openalex.org/W4211024811","https://openalex.org/W4214860116","https://openalex.org/W4225324027","https://openalex.org/W4301165529","https://openalex.org/W6743297335","https://openalex.org/W6758798751"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2361805396","https://openalex.org/W2972254340","https://openalex.org/W1585007175","https://openalex.org/W2382521049","https://openalex.org/W1805912688","https://openalex.org/W2144385241","https://openalex.org/W2373973507","https://openalex.org/W2022231341","https://openalex.org/W2514437865","https://openalex.org/W846528073"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,87],"paper":[2],"we":[3,90],"examine":[4],"the":[5,41,48,68,77,92,95,101,104,139,143,151,157],"general":[6,57],"problem":[7],"of":[8,50,61,67,70,86,103],"determining":[9],"when":[10],"to":[11],"update":[12,37,96,118,136,144,158,163],"information":[13,46,105,152],"that":[14,52],"can":[15,165],"go":[16],"out-of-date.":[17],"Not":[18],"updating":[19,51],"frequently":[20],"enough":[21],"results":[22,34,110],"in":[23,35],"poor":[24],"decision":[25],"making":[26],"based":[27],"on":[28],"stale":[29,45],"information.":[30,53],"Updating":[31],"too":[32],"often":[33],"excessive":[36],"costs.":[38],"We":[39,54,74,120],"study":[40],"tradeoff":[42],"between":[43],"having":[44],"and":[47,79,100,113,137,160],"cost":[49,97],"use":[55],"a":[56,80,132],"model,":[58],"some":[59],"versions":[60],"which":[62],"match":[63],"an":[64,135],"idealized":[65],"version":[66],"Age":[69],"Information":[71],"(AoI)":[72],"model.":[73],"first":[75],"present":[76],"assumptions,":[78],"novel":[81],"methodology":[82],"for":[83,134],"solving":[84],"problems":[85],"sort.":[88],"Then":[89],"solve":[91],"case":[93],"where":[94,125,142,150,162],"is":[98,106],"fixed":[99],"time-value":[102],"well":[107],"understood.":[108],"Our":[109],"provide":[111],"simple":[112],"powerful":[114],"insights":[115],"regarding":[116],"optimal":[117],"times.":[119],"further":[121],"look":[122],"at":[123],"cases":[124,141,149,161],"there":[126],"are":[127],"delays":[128],"associated":[129],"with":[130],"sending":[131],"request":[133],"receiving":[138],"update,":[140],"source":[145],"may":[146],"be":[147,154],"stale,":[148],"cannot":[153],"used":[155],"during":[156],"process,":[159],"costs":[164],"change":[166],"randomly.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-11T08:14:18.477133","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
