{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416703702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","title":"Security Analysis of MDI-QKD in Turbulent Free-Space Polarization Channels\u2014A Composite Channel Framework","display_name":"Security Analysis of MDI-QKD in Turbulent Free-Space Polarization Channels\u2014A Composite Channel Framework","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416703702","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heyang Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1754-4500"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heyang Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1754-4500","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065348035","display_name":"Seid Koudia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-6778"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Seid Koudia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7533-6778","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Signal Processing and Communications (SigCom) Group, Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.00947244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"5190","last_page":"5205"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.6934000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.6934000253677368,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.09130000323057175,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.07320000231266022,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.8687999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-decoherence","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","score":0.786300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scintillation","display_name":"Scintillation","score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/turbulence","display_name":"Turbulence","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bb84","display_name":"BB84","score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3605000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8687999844551086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122527463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q578430","display_name":"Quantum decoherence","level":3,"score":0.786300003528595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5853999853134155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49709999561309814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102637530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078889","display_name":"Scintillation","level":3,"score":0.45159998536109924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.43140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.42149999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.39570000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196558001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Turbulence","level":2,"score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78203541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2566969","display_name":"BB84","level":5,"score":0.3774000108242035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3605000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.3472000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.3456999957561493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.32190001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.30300000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019432306","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190132","display_name":"Atmospheric turbulence","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.28949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.2842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28493345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899381","display_name":"Polarimetry","level":3,"score":0.26829999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2606000006198883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.26019999384880066}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.02087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.02087","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.02087","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2509.02087","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2509.02087","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3706034","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Atmospheric":[0],"turbulence":[1,70],"poses":[2],"a":[3,32,72,113],"significant":[4],"challenge":[5],"to":[6,71],"free-space":[7,115],"measurement-device-independent":[8],"quantum":[9],"key":[10,24],"distribution":[11],"(FSO":[12],"MDI-QKD)":[13],"by":[14],"inducing":[15],"polarization":[16,39],"decoherence":[17,40,63],"and":[18,56,65,95,102],"depolarization,":[19],"which":[20],"degrade":[21],"the":[22],"secret":[23],"rate":[25],"(SKR).":[26],"In":[27],"this":[28],"paper,":[29],"we":[30,77],"propose":[31],"unified":[33],"depolarizing-dephasing":[34],"channel":[35],"model":[36,45,90],"for":[37,105,125],"turbulence-induced":[38],"in":[41,92],"FSO":[42],"MDI-QKD.":[43],"This":[44],"consolidates":[46],"phase":[47],"perturbations,":[48],"Gaussian":[49],"beam":[50,52],"spreading,":[51],"drift,":[53],"aperture":[54],"truncation,":[55],"scintillation":[57],"into":[58],"closed-form":[59],"parameters:":[60],"depolarization":[61],"factor,":[62,64],"detection":[66],"probability.":[67],"By":[68],"mapping":[69],"von":[73],"Mises-Fisher/Watson-distributed":[74],"SU(2)":[75],"rotation,":[76],"derive":[78],"an":[79],"analytic":[80],"SKR":[81],"expression":[82],"compatible":[83],"with":[84],"existing":[85],"MDI-QKD":[86,127],"security":[87],"analyses.":[88],"The":[89],"excels":[91],"clear,":[93],"overcast,":[94],"hazy":[96],"weather":[97],"conditions,":[98],"offering":[99],"computational":[100],"efficiency":[101],"experimental":[103],"verifiability":[104],"real-time":[106],"link":[107],"adaptation.":[108],"Numerical":[109],"simulations,":[110],"illustrated":[111],"on":[112],"ground-to-satellite":[114],"link,":[116],"confirm":[117],"its":[118],"accuracy,":[119],"enabling":[120],"robust":[121],"physical":[122],"layer":[123],"design":[124],"global-scale":[126],"networks.":[128]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-28T07:46:37.118299","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
