{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133323096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090","title":"Reliable and Secure Wireless-Powered Communications via Hybrid Active-Passive Double-RIS","display_name":"Reliable and Secure Wireless-Powered Communications via Hybrid Active-Passive Double-RIS","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133323096","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127967662","display_name":"Kunrui Cao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kunrui Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-6901","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127916213","display_name":"Tao Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tao Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5486-9373","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050704435","display_name":"Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-8311"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Panagiotis D. Diamantoulakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7795-8311","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127899039","display_name":"Xingwang Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166499","display_name":"Henan Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vr1c885","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingwang Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0907-6517","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166499"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127907644","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127900946","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.4841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98774455,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"3828","last_page":"3844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.7641000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.7641000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11249","display_name":"Wireless Power Transfer Systems","score":0.09520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.07129999995231628,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7312999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diversity-gain","display_name":"Diversity gain","score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outage-probability","display_name":"Outage probability","score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/performance-metric","display_name":"Performance metric","score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint","display_name":"Joint (building)","score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.38440001010894775}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.822700023651123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7312999963760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.6186000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.6021999716758728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.5546000003814697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778258436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30672262","display_name":"Outage probability","level":4,"score":0.5450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780898871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Performance metric","level":2,"score":0.49950000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.49230000376701355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.41929998993873596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.41850000619888306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.366100013256073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96608239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199823","display_name":"Statistical power","level":2,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65422117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q358527","display_name":"Transmitter power output","level":4,"score":0.33329999446868896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31709998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.29600000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776292839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179217","display_name":"Coverage probability","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983568541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Information transmission","level":2,"score":0.26030001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152139883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q252973","display_name":"Mutual information","level":2,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2517000138759613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.25119999051094055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3670090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/212157","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/212157","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7951115965843201,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4069362428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101560","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6747170265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271368","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1916723779","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2118588134","https://openalex.org/W2737610796","https://openalex.org/W2775597598","https://openalex.org/W2981587265","https://openalex.org/W2984937369","https://openalex.org/W3005072086","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3081766336","https://openalex.org/W3084953801","https://openalex.org/W3092592393","https://openalex.org/W3133613115","https://openalex.org/W3167144080","https://openalex.org/W3180641418","https://openalex.org/W3204184545","https://openalex.org/W3205135478","https://openalex.org/W3206714333","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4285132575","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W4313067094","https://openalex.org/W4361802267","https://openalex.org/W4361986527","https://openalex.org/W4381946497","https://openalex.org/W4383903516","https://openalex.org/W4386275738","https://openalex.org/W4388430372","https://openalex.org/W4389076418","https://openalex.org/W4391092857","https://openalex.org/W4391492768","https://openalex.org/W4399619746","https://openalex.org/W4400878098","https://openalex.org/W4401990339","https://openalex.org/W4401990969","https://openalex.org/W4404057518","https://openalex.org/W4405056279","https://openalex.org/W4405488296","https://openalex.org/W4408016861","https://openalex.org/W4408182370","https://openalex.org/W4408564102","https://openalex.org/W4409560856","https://openalex.org/W4410640243","https://openalex.org/W4413967150","https://openalex.org/W4415221939"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,20,32,36,40,48,52,81,86,91,100,126,142,184,193,198,201,222,232,240],"reliability":[4,94,119],"and":[5,35,39,51,68,71,76,95,104,108,120,145,167,182],"security":[6,121],"of":[7,22,59,93,102,128,195,197,242],"a":[8,113],"hybrid":[9],"double-reconfigurable":[10],"intelligent":[11],"surface":[12],"(HDRIS)":[13],"aided":[14,61],"wireless-powered":[15],"communication":[16],"(WPC)":[17],"system":[18],"in":[19,180],"presence":[21],"eavesdroppers,":[23],"where":[24],"one":[25],"active/passive":[26],"RIS":[27,43],"(RIS-1)":[28],"is":[29,45,116,190,206],"deployed":[30,46],"between":[31,47],"power":[33],"station":[34],"information":[37,49],"user,":[38],"other":[41],"passive/active":[42],"(RIS-2)":[44],"user":[50],"access":[53],"point.":[54],"We":[55],"propose":[56],"two":[57,82,153,162],"modes":[58],"HDRIS":[60,129,211],"WPC,":[62],"i.e.,":[63,118],"HDRIS-I":[64,144,166,181,220],"with":[65,73,152,161],"passive":[66,77,154],"RIS-1":[67,75],"active":[69,74,163],"RIS-2,":[70],"HDRIS-II":[72,146,168,230],"RIS-2.":[78],"Based":[79],"on":[80],"modes,":[83],"we":[84],"analyze":[85],"outage":[87],"probability":[88,97,122],"(OP)":[89],"from":[90,99],"perspective":[92,101],"intercept":[96],"(IP)":[98],"security,":[103],"derive":[105],"their":[106],"accurate":[107],"asymptotic":[109],"expressions,":[110],"respectively.":[111],"Moreover,":[112],"joint":[114],"metric":[115],"proposed,":[117],"(RSP),":[123],"to":[124,131,140,192],"reveal":[125],"superiority":[127,241],"compared":[130,139],"pure":[132],"double-RIS":[133],"(PDRIS).":[134],"The":[135],"results":[136],"show":[137],"that":[138,210],"PDRIS,":[141],"proposed":[143],"have":[147,169],"better":[148,175],"OPs":[149,158],"than":[150,159,172,177],"PDRIS-I":[151],"RISs,":[155,199],"but":[156,174],"worse":[157,170],"PDRIS-II":[160],"RISs.":[164],"Both":[165],"IPs":[171,176],"PDRIS-I,":[173],"PDRIS-II.":[178],"Interestingly,":[179],"HDRIS-II,":[183],"diversity":[185,202],"gain":[186,203],"for":[187,204,215],"legitimate":[188,216],"users":[189],"proportional":[191],"number":[194],"elements":[196],"while":[200,229],"eavesdroppers":[205],"only":[207],"1,":[208],"indicating":[209],"provide":[212],"greater":[213],"benefits":[214],"communications.":[217],"In":[218],"Particular,":[219],"achieves":[221,231],"best":[223,233],"RSP":[224,234],"under":[225,235],"high":[226],"transmission":[227,237],"power,":[228,238],"low":[236],"demonstrating":[239],"HDRIS.":[243]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-12T06:13:28.667946","created_date":"2026-03-04T00:00:00"}