{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7133193789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093","title":"Jamming Exploitation-Enabled Covert Transmission in Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Networks: Countering Adversaries With Their Own Methods","display_name":"Jamming Exploitation-Enabled Covert Transmission in Satellite-Aerial-Terrestrial Networks: Countering Adversaries With Their Own Methods","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7133193789","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122863507","display_name":"Yunyang Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Space Information, Space Engineering University of PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2320-065X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Space Information, Space Engineering University of PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073357769","display_name":"Bohang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0249-1461"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bohang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Space Information, Space Engineering University of PLA, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0249-1461","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Space Information, Space Engineering University of PLA, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Weijie Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-0046"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3045169105","display_name":"Southern University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/049tv2d57","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weijie Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2158-0046","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of System Design and Intelligent Manufacturing, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3045169105"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Guoru Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guoru Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1780-2547","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123930805","display_name":"Aijun Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aijun Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7235-9424","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5127831485","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.36535011,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"3981","last_page":"3994"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.30889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.30889999866485596,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11498","display_name":"Security in Wireless Sensor Networks","score":0.16590000689029694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.1462000012397766,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/jamming","display_name":"Jamming","score":0.736299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/node","display_name":"Node (physics)","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obfuscation","display_name":"Obfuscation","score":0.3806999921798706}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8585000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779079576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17092823","display_name":"Jamming","level":2,"score":0.736299991607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.4645000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4507000148296356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4097000062465668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.4032999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3887999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.38429999351501465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40305131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2616305","display_name":"Obfuscation","level":2,"score":0.3806999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.3546000123023987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.3325999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779814227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7444882","display_name":"Secure transmission","level":3,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.29330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.26759999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.26019999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25290000438690186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18555067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8375051","display_name":"Joint (building)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3669093","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1334133292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2023022-4","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335956","funder_display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2370047291","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301607","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3363585228","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BE2023022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335956","funder_display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4584413591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62231027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4729560175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425118","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7516831175","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171462","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7761848146","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62521003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335956","display_name":"Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Guangzhou","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000226542","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2523980337","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2788428941","https://openalex.org/W2808367635","https://openalex.org/W2956202621","https://openalex.org/W2964023906","https://openalex.org/W2964289634","https://openalex.org/W3033175307","https://openalex.org/W3035904061","https://openalex.org/W3092473865","https://openalex.org/W3139370390","https://openalex.org/W3165573226","https://openalex.org/W4285288970","https://openalex.org/W4289126832","https://openalex.org/W4319068628","https://openalex.org/W4323338579","https://openalex.org/W4366310722","https://openalex.org/W4386902789","https://openalex.org/W4388286191","https://openalex.org/W4388740285","https://openalex.org/W4390576916","https://openalex.org/W4390887433","https://openalex.org/W4391092857","https://openalex.org/W4392158190","https://openalex.org/W4393185158","https://openalex.org/W4399311056","https://openalex.org/W4401452462","https://openalex.org/W4402978541","https://openalex.org/W4403277788","https://openalex.org/W4403420686","https://openalex.org/W4406094293","https://openalex.org/W4406322160","https://openalex.org/W4406610794","https://openalex.org/W4406856931","https://openalex.org/W4408280873","https://openalex.org/W4408323550","https://openalex.org/W4408697771","https://openalex.org/W4409683219","https://openalex.org/W4415707050"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Security":[0],"and":[1,50,77,91,93,123,182,203,233,264],"reliability":[2],"have":[3],"always":[4],"evolved":[5],"alongside":[6],"advancements":[7],"in":[8,41,218,268],"communication":[9,18],"technologies.":[10],"Facing":[11],"imminent":[12],"the":[13,102,104,120,126,133,137,143,157,161,175,179,183,190,195,199,209,213,219,234,241,258],"sixth":[14],"generation":[15],"of":[16,89,125,136,146,178,198],"mobile":[17],"(6G)":[19],"era,":[20],"this":[21,166],"work":[22],"explores":[23],"a":[24,57,64,94,110,152,170,223],"jamming":[25,90,100,128],"exploitation-enabled":[26],"covert":[27,171,243,265],"transmission":[28,244,266],"framework":[29,173],"for":[30,208],"satellite-aerial-terrestrial":[31],"integrated":[32],"networks":[33],"(SATINs),":[34],"aiming":[35],"to":[36,118],"meet":[37],"user":[38],"privacy":[39],"requirements":[40],"future":[42],"complex":[43],"adversarial":[44,269],"scenarios":[45,181],"characterized":[46],"by":[47,189],"stereoscopic":[48],"coverage":[49],"multi-domain":[51],"collaboration.":[52],"The":[53],"research":[54],"scenario":[55],"involves":[56],"three-dimensional":[58],"space":[59],"comprising":[60],"four":[61],"core":[62],"elements:":[63],"satellite,":[65],"an":[66,73,84],"unmanned":[67],"aerial":[68,106],"vehicle":[69],"(UAV)":[70],"equipped":[71],"with":[72,255],"active":[74,116,184],"simultaneously":[75],"transmitting":[76],"reflecting":[78],"reconfigurable":[79],"intelligent":[80],"surface":[81],"(active":[82],"STAR-RIS),":[83],"eavesdropper":[85],"possessing":[86],"dual":[87],"functionalities":[88],"detection,":[92],"ground":[95],"terminal.":[96],"Upon":[97],"sensing":[98],"malicious":[99,127],"from":[101],"eavesdropper,":[103,158],"UAV":[105],"platform":[107],"serving":[108],"as":[109],"relay":[111],"node":[112],"utilizes":[113],"its":[114],"on-board":[115],"STAR-RIS":[117,185],"achieve":[119],"targeted":[121],"reflection":[122],"manipulation":[124],"signals":[129],"while":[130,246],"concurrently":[131],"facilitating":[132],"effective":[134],"forwarding":[135],"legitimate":[138],"signals.":[139],"Namely,":[140],"breaking":[141],"through":[142],"conventional":[144],"mindset":[145],"\u201cjamming":[147],"suppression\u201d,":[148],"it":[149],"equivalently":[150],"constructs":[151],"\u201cself-interference":[153],"loop\u201d":[154],"centered":[155],"on":[156],"thereby":[159],"degrading":[160],"adversary\u2019s":[162],"detection":[163],"sensitivity.":[164],"For":[165],"process,":[167],"we":[168],"construct":[169],"analysis":[172],"featuring":[174],"joint":[176,220],"design":[177],"static/dynamic":[180],"reflection-transmission":[186],"matrices":[187],"dominated":[188],"UAV\u2019s":[191],"limited":[192],"power,":[193],"derive":[194],"analytical":[196],"expression":[197],"Kullback-Leibler":[200],"(KL)":[201],"divergence,":[202],"establish":[204],"rigorous":[205],"covertness":[206],"constraints":[207],"system.":[210],"To":[211],"address":[212],"highly":[214],"coupled":[215],"non-convex":[216],"problem":[217],"optimization,we":[221],"propose":[222],"solution":[224],"combining":[225],"semidefinite":[226],"relaxation":[227],"(SDR),":[228],"Dinkelbach":[229],"transformation,":[230],"Gaussian":[231],"randomization,":[232],"proximal":[235],"policy":[236],"optimization":[237],"(PPO)":[238],"framework,":[239],"maximizing":[240],"system":[242],"rate":[245],"satisfying":[247],"various":[248],"constraints.":[249],"Numerical":[250],"results":[251],"demonstrate":[252],"that,":[253],"compared":[254],"benchmark":[256],"schemes,":[257],"proposed":[259],"scheme":[260],"exhibits":[261],"superior":[262],"flexibility":[263],"advantages":[267],"environments.":[270]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2026-03-03T00:00:00"}