{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124962591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471","title":"Pioneering Scalable Prototype for Mid-Band XL-MIMO Systems: Design and Implementation","display_name":"Pioneering Scalable Prototype for Mid-Band XL-MIMO Systems: Design and Implementation","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124962591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123370564","display_name":"Jiachen Tian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiachen Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4939-4974","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yu Han","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-6050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3791-6050","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027688540","display_name":"Zhengtao Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8890-1959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhengtao Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-2767"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66867065","display_name":"East China Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/02n96ep67","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing and the School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9252-2767","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Key Laboratory of Multidimensional Information Processing and the School of Communication and Electronic Engineering, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66867065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Jie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-8102"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7452-8102","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Wankai Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1751-3457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wankai Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1751-3457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007221710","display_name":"X. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9660-9053","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001317862","display_name":"WenJin Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenjin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5600-6589","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123415855","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05760062,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"3365","last_page":"3381"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.21780000627040863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.21780000627040863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.12559999525547028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.10520000010728836,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.6158000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testbed","display_name":"Testbed","score":0.38530001044273376}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8384000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.6158000230789185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5939000248908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5285999774932861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.4887999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.4677000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.46619999408721924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.46459999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.4569000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.448199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4163999855518341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31395832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1318674","display_name":"Testbed","level":2,"score":0.38530001044273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.35740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171115542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331892","display_name":"Software-defined radio","level":2,"score":0.34310001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780070844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857815","display_name":"Plug and play","level":2,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31352089","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3750474","display_name":"Systems design","level":2,"score":0.33239999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509933004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194163","display_name":"Broadband","level":2,"score":0.32030001282691956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98025372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q477538","display_name":"Systems architecture","level":3,"score":0.31200000643730164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.31130000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149810388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5374873","display_name":"Emulation","level":2,"score":0.29260000586509705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.29010000824928284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22607594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5375150","display_name":"Enabling","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775957982","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283138","display_name":"Distributed antenna system","level":3,"score":0.2696000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.266400009393692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.26600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25920000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25049999356269836}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3656471","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5785871744155884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1196405908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301156","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2040806342","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U25A20392","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2984192591","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62422105","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3500552900","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301148","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4067439","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"6257111","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6236306107","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301221","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7520185953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"624B2038","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8567466419","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"mid-band":[1,39,67,125],"frequency":[2],"range,":[3],"combined":[4],"with":[5,143],"extra":[6],"large-scale":[7],"multiple-input":[8],"multiple-output":[9],"(XL-MIMO),":[10],"is":[11,42,195],"emerging":[12],"as":[13,54],"a":[14,83,113,123,133,146,242],"key":[15,109],"enabler":[16],"for":[17,172,199,249],"future":[18],"communication":[19,171,180],"systems.":[20],"By":[21],"exploiting":[22],"the":[23,35,38,64,70,87,118,136,167,193,206,213,230],"advent":[24],"of":[25,31,66,108,122,148,202,246],"new":[26],"spectrum":[27],"resources":[28],"and":[29,48,57,98,120,156,187,197,222,240],"degrees":[30],"freedom":[32],"brought":[33],"by":[34,105,132],"near-field":[36],"propagation,":[37],"XL-MIMO":[40,68,126],"system":[41,128,139],"expected":[43],"to":[44,76,86,152,158,174,216],"significantly":[45],"enhance":[46],"throughput":[47,245],"inherently":[49],"support":[50],"advanced":[51,203],"functionalities":[52],"such":[53],"integrated":[55],"sensing":[56],"communication.":[58],"Although":[59],"theoretical":[60],"studies":[61],"have":[62,74],"highlighted":[63],"benefits":[65],"systems,":[69,81],"promised":[71],"performance":[72],"gains":[73],"yet":[75],"be":[77],"validated":[78],"in":[79,111,163],"practical":[80],"posing":[82],"major":[84],"challenge":[85],"standardization.":[88],"In":[89],"this":[90],"paper,":[91],"preliminaries":[92],"including":[93,145,219],"frame":[94],"structure,":[95],"channel":[96],"modeling,":[97],"signal":[99,224],"models":[100],"are":[101,129],"first":[102],"discussed,":[103],"followed":[104],"an":[106],"analysis":[107],"challenges":[110],"constructing":[112],"real-time":[114,124,233],"prototype":[115,127,138,168,194,214,231],"system.":[116],"Subsequently,":[117],"design":[119],"implementation":[121],"presented.":[130],"Underpinned":[131],"novel":[134],"architecture,":[135],"proposed":[137],"supports":[140],"specifications":[141],"aligned":[142],"standardization,":[144],"bandwidth":[147],"200":[149],"MHz,":[150],"up":[151,157,173],"1024":[153],"antenna":[154],"elements,":[155],"256":[159],"transceiver":[160],"chains.":[161],"Operating":[162],"time-division":[164],"duplexing":[165],"mode,":[166],"enables":[169],"multiuser":[170],"12":[175,250],"users,":[176],"while":[177],"retaining":[178],"standard":[179],"procedures.":[181],"Built":[182],"on":[183],"hybrid":[184],"software-defined":[185],"radio":[186],"field":[188],"programmable":[189,196],"gate":[190],"array":[191],"platforms,":[192],"allows":[198],"flexible":[200],"deployment":[201],"algorithms.":[204],"Moreover,":[205],"modular":[207],"architecture":[208],"ensures":[209],"high":[210],"scalability,":[211],"making":[212],"adaptable":[215],"various":[217],"configurations,":[218],"distributed":[220],"deployments":[221],"decentralized":[223],"processing.":[225],"Experimental":[226],"results":[227],"demonstrate":[228],"that":[229],"handles":[232],"digital":[234],"sample":[235],"processing":[236],"at":[237],"1453.33":[238],"Gbps":[239,248],"achieves":[241],"peak":[243],"data":[244],"15.81":[247],"users.":[251]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T06:17:34.324206","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}
