{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124418051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881","title":"Fuzzy-Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer for Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Vehicular Networks","display_name":"Fuzzy-Enhanced Grey Wolf Optimizer for Hybrid Beamforming in mmWave Vehicular Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124418051","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102549789","display_name":"Mandavi Dubey","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mandavi Dubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004832306","display_name":"Vijay Dubey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8029-5819"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25846049","display_name":"National Tsing Hua University","ror":"https://ror.org/00zdnkx70","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vijay Dubey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Information Systems and Applications, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Information Systems and Applications, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25846049"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043277743","display_name":"P. J. Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pi-Chung Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102549789"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.11305582,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"3317","last_page":"3331"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9711999893188477,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.00930000003427267,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fuzzy-logic","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-antenna","display_name":"Smart antenna","score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optimization-problem","display_name":"Optimization problem","score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.33880001306533813}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8269000053405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.4666999876499176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4189000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4081000089645386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.3944999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.3813999891281128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.3763999938964844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3752000033855438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.3589000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137836250","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q984063","display_name":"Optimization problem","level":2,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.33880001306533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3366999924182892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3343000113964081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.3319000005722046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.31610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8880873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187787","display_name":"Genetic algorithm","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.29989999532699585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.2980000078678131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.2946999967098236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.28850001096725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.28380000591278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.28220000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.27959999442100525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10558101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689855","display_name":"Smart grid","level":2,"score":0.27639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2736000120639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.26570001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.2628999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56685638","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2300474","display_name":"Power control","level":3,"score":0.26170000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192448918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682677","display_name":"Vehicular ad hoc network","level":4,"score":0.258899986743927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151395432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1020782","display_name":"Trunking","level":2,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.25540000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159737794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q124274","display_name":"Azimuth","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.2506999969482422}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2026.3654881","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9092019200325012,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4179535706","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"112-2221-E-005-059-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6407619719","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2634-F-005-001-MBK","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter":[0],"wave":[1],"(mmWave)":[2],"communication":[3],"has":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,87,93,117],"key":[8],"enabler":[9],"of":[10],"high-throughput,":[11],"low-latency":[12],"wireless":[13],"connectivity":[14],"for":[15],"next-generation":[16],"intelligent":[17],"transportation":[18],"systems.":[19],"However,":[20],"its":[21],"deployment":[22],"in":[23,80,137,181],"vehicular":[24,160],"environments":[25],"presents":[26],"significant":[27],"challenges":[28],"due":[29],"to":[30,69,104,122,126,141,146],"high":[31],"mobility,":[32],"rapidly":[33],"changing":[34],"topologies,":[35],"and":[36,41,77,110,129,159,172,186,197],"frequent":[37],"transitions":[38],"between":[39],"line-of-sight":[40],"non-line-of-sight":[42],"conditions.":[43],"To":[44,113],"address":[45],"these":[46],"challenges,":[47],"this":[48],"paper":[49],"proposes":[50],"an":[51],"adaptive":[52],"beamforming":[53,78,90],"framework":[54,85],"that":[55,165],"integrates":[56],"fuzzy":[57],"logic":[58,134],"with":[59,92],"the":[60,123,138,143,166],"grey":[61],"wolf":[62],"optimizer":[63],"(GWO),":[64],"termed":[65],"fuzzy-enhanced":[66],"GWO":[67],"(FE-GWO),":[68],"jointly":[70],"optimize":[71],"beam":[72,115,198],"steering":[73],"angles,":[74],"power":[75],"allocation,":[76],"weights":[79],"real":[81],"time.":[82],"The":[83],"proposed":[84,167],"utilizes":[86],"3D":[88],"hybrid":[89],"model":[91],"uniform":[94,101],"planar":[95],"array,":[96],"constructed":[97],"from":[98,150],"two":[99],"orthogonal":[100],"linear":[102],"arrays,":[103],"enable":[105],"independent":[106],"control":[107],"over":[108],"azimuth":[109],"elevation":[111],"angles.":[112],"enhance":[114],"quality,":[116],"Hamming":[118],"window":[119],"is":[120,135],"applied":[121],"array":[124],"factor":[125],"suppress":[127],"sidelobes":[128],"minimize":[130],"inter-beam":[131],"interference.":[132],"Fuzzy":[133],"embedded":[136],"optimization":[139,174],"process":[140],"improve":[142],"algorithm\u2019s":[144],"ability":[145],"handle":[147],"uncertainties":[148],"arising":[149],"dynamic":[151],"channel":[152],"conditions,":[153],"including":[154],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[155],"ratio,":[156,189],"path":[157,193],"loss,":[158,194],"mobility.":[161],"Simulation":[162],"results":[163],"demonstrate":[164],"FE-GWO":[168],"algorithm":[169,177],"outperforms":[170],"traditional":[171],"baseline":[173],"algorithms.":[175],"Our":[176],"achieves":[178],"notable":[179],"improvements":[180],"SINR,":[182],"throughput,":[183],"spectral":[184],"efficiency,":[185],"packet":[187],"delivery":[188],"while":[190],"effectively":[191],"reducing":[192],"energy":[195],"consumption,":[196],"switching":[199],"latency.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2026-01-17T00:00:00"}