{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416749880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297","title":"Covert Communication Toward an Aerial Warden in NOMA-Based UAV-MEC Systems","display_name":"Covert Communication Toward an Aerial Warden in NOMA-Based UAV-MEC Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416749880","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yangting Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8639-578X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yangting Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087412459","display_name":"Mengru Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0250-9210"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengru Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101635947","display_name":"Yu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6506-4895"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089911056","display_name":"Weidang Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8919-0327"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I55712492","display_name":"Zhejiang University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02djqfd08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidang Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Engineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100733413","display_name":"Xianbin Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4890-0748"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125749732","display_name":"Western University","ror":"https://ror.org/02grkyz14","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianbin Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Western University, London, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125749732"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I55712492"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1063,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96145266,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"1618","last_page":"1632"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9430999755859375,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.027300000190734863,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.008200000040233135,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.6539000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terminal","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coordinate-descent","display_name":"Coordinate descent","score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-device","display_name":"Mobile device","score":0.4122999906539917}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.6539000272750854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3518405","display_name":"Terminal (telecommunication)","level":2,"score":0.5830000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5504000186920166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5496000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5449000000953674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.536899983882904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.48730000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.4779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157553263","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5168004","display_name":"Coordinate descent","level":2,"score":0.4194999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.4122999906539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.40310001373291016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.3955000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3928000032901764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.37880000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.36739999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.3483000099658966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144543869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2738570","display_name":"Mobile computing","level":2,"score":0.3465999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.3391999900341034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.32899999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.32580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.31349998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.25519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.25040000677108765}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3638297","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1574878126","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301490","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2116063240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LR25F010003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3080080593","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"RF-C2023008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3373688535","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271447","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5604391685","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LQ24F010013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969648546","https://openalex.org/W2963117265","https://openalex.org/W2963956198","https://openalex.org/W2981262799","https://openalex.org/W2998472647","https://openalex.org/W3089147436","https://openalex.org/W3153119982","https://openalex.org/W3168495756","https://openalex.org/W3172507921","https://openalex.org/W3178459768","https://openalex.org/W3193940080","https://openalex.org/W4205139806","https://openalex.org/W4225751074","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4285286300","https://openalex.org/W4289656863","https://openalex.org/W4293704409","https://openalex.org/W4312572841","https://openalex.org/W4312961382","https://openalex.org/W4313534960","https://openalex.org/W4318823904","https://openalex.org/W4379741411","https://openalex.org/W4384787983","https://openalex.org/W4386181589","https://openalex.org/W4386451563","https://openalex.org/W4389318000","https://openalex.org/W4391128528","https://openalex.org/W4391326509","https://openalex.org/W4400351751","https://openalex.org/W4401325873","https://openalex.org/W4404238311","https://openalex.org/W4404787923","https://openalex.org/W4405380100","https://openalex.org/W4408520123","https://openalex.org/W4409153555","https://openalex.org/W4410090904","https://openalex.org/W4410491744","https://openalex.org/W4410771505"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-orthogonal":[0],"multiple":[1,5],"access":[2],"(NOMA)":[3],"enables":[4],"terminal":[6,85,115,154],"devices":[7,20,116],"to":[8],"simultaneously":[9],"share":[10],"wireless":[11,19],"resources,":[12],"providing":[13],"efficient":[14],"computing":[15,32,93,122],"offloading":[16,82],"services":[17],"for":[18,47,67,167],"in":[21],"networks":[22],"that":[23,178],"integrate":[24],"unmanned":[25],"aerial":[26,55,73,77],"vehicles":[27],"(UAVs)":[28],"with":[29],"mobile":[30],"edge":[31],"(MEC).":[33],"However,":[34],"the":[35,76,80,88,91,100,108,114,134,147,164,179],"broadcast":[36],"characteristics":[37],"of":[38,84,121,149],"UAV":[39,101],"line-of-sight":[40],"(LoS)":[41],"communication":[42,65],"introduce":[43],"serious":[44],"security":[45],"issues":[46],"NOMA-based":[48,68],"UAV-MEC":[49,69],"systems,":[50],"especially":[51],"when":[52],"facing":[53],"an":[54,72],"warden.":[56],"To":[57],"address":[58],"this":[59],"issue,":[60],"we":[61,156],"propose":[62,157],"a":[63,118,124,158],"covert":[64,109],"scheme":[66,181],"systems":[70],"against":[71],"warden,":[74],"where":[75,163],"warden":[78],"monitors":[79],"task":[81],"behavior":[83],"devices.":[86],"In":[87],"proposed":[89,180],"scheme,":[90],"average":[92],"capacity":[94],"is":[95,130,173],"maximized":[96],"by":[97],"jointly":[98],"optimizing":[99],"trajectory":[102,168],"and":[103,141,170],"system":[104],"resources":[105],"while":[106],"ensuring":[107],"performance":[110],"requirements.":[111],"Firstly,":[112],"considering":[113,146],"have":[117],"fixed":[119],"number":[120],"tasks,":[123],"block":[125],"coordinate":[126],"descent":[127],"(BCD)-based":[128],"algorithm":[129],"proposed,":[131],"which":[132],"decomposes":[133],"non-convex":[135],"original":[136],"problem":[137],"into":[138],"several":[139],"subproblems":[140],"solves":[142],"them":[143],"iteratively.":[144],"Secondly,":[145],"case":[148],"dynamic":[150],"tasks":[151],"arrival":[152],"at":[153],"devices,":[155],"double-deep":[159],"Q-learning":[160],"(DDQN)-based":[161],"algorithm,":[162],"optimal":[165],"strategy":[166],"planning":[169],"resource":[171],"allocation":[172],"obtained.":[174],"Simulation":[175],"results":[176],"demonstrate":[177],"using":[182],"two":[183],"algorithms":[184],"outperform":[185],"their":[186],"respective":[187],"baselines.":[188]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-11-28T00:00:00"}