{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7085018613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797","title":"Fluid Antenna Systems Enabled by Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces: Beamforming Design and Experimental Validation","display_name":"Fluid Antenna Systems Enabled by Reconfigurable Holographic Surfaces: Beamforming Design and Experimental Validation","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7085018613","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Shupei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6795-4275"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shupei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuze Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-3668-2952"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuze Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Hiroaki Hashida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9633-6796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201537933","display_name":"Tohoku University","ror":"https://ror.org/01dq60k83","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroaki Hashida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201537933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Marco Di Renzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097418","display_name":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/00skw9v43","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Renzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Boya Di","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3484-1361"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20231570","display_name":"Peking University","ror":"https://ror.org/02v51f717","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Boya Di","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Photonics and Communications, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20231570"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.5765,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96840696,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"1417","last_page":"1431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":true,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.8532000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10242","display_name":"Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research","score":0.8532000184059143,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10168","display_name":"COVID-19 and Mental Health","score":0.020500000566244125,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10426","display_name":"Child Abuse and Trauma","score":0.0203000009059906,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamwidth","display_name":"Beamwidth","score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6776000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.6557000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam-steering","display_name":"Beam steering","score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.4250999987125397}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7394000291824341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190060920","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876232","display_name":"Beamwidth","level":3,"score":0.6912000179290771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6776000261306763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.6557000279426575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5023999810218811},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.43630000948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4334999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.4250999987125397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.4169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187590223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q527628","display_name":"Holography","level":2,"score":0.41679999232292175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.39750000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3912999927997589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.3896999955177307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2888000011444092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158616128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771260","display_name":"Antenna measurement","level":3,"score":0.2630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.25220000743865967}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3618797","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5140417814254761,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1445420972","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271012","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8227690725","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62322101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2777236243","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3184183363","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4210739474","https://openalex.org/W4251326093","https://openalex.org/W4312563363","https://openalex.org/W4312959323","https://openalex.org/W4321021721","https://openalex.org/W4361988733","https://openalex.org/W4379932243","https://openalex.org/W4382119239","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4388676654","https://openalex.org/W4389924236","https://openalex.org/W4390357369","https://openalex.org/W4390800959","https://openalex.org/W4392902488","https://openalex.org/W4392980168","https://openalex.org/W4399849476","https://openalex.org/W4400645162","https://openalex.org/W4403977088","https://openalex.org/W4404035459","https://openalex.org/W4404056698","https://openalex.org/W4404293657","https://openalex.org/W4404404496","https://openalex.org/W4404410614","https://openalex.org/W4404708710","https://openalex.org/W4405563700","https://openalex.org/W4406354720","https://openalex.org/W4406857056","https://openalex.org/W4406948532","https://openalex.org/W4408100273","https://openalex.org/W4409147220","https://openalex.org/W4412610088"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid":[0],"antenna":[1,9,23,58,73,115],"systems":[2],"(FASs)":[3],"have":[4],"emerged":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,46,98,158],"promising":[8],"technology":[10],"for":[11,104,123],"6G":[12],"networks":[13],"by":[14,39,60],"tapping":[15],"into":[16],"new":[17],"degrees":[18],"of":[19,36,64,164,176],"freedom":[20],"(DoF)":[21],"in":[22],"positions":[24,59,116],"to":[25,68,126,146,182],"harness":[26],"multiplexing":[27],"gains.":[28],"In":[29],"this":[30],"paper,":[31],"we":[32,96],"propose":[33],"an":[34,139],"implementation":[35],"FASs":[37],"enabled":[38],"reconfigurable":[40],"holographic":[41],"surfaces":[42],"(RHSs)":[43],"and":[44,75,170,197],"construct":[45],"384-element":[47],"prototype.":[48],"Benefiting":[49],"from":[50],"its":[51],"amplitude-modulation":[52],"capabilities,":[53],"RHSs":[54],"can":[55],"adjust":[56],"the":[57,128,133,148,153,162,174,185],"activating":[61],"different":[62,114],"subsets":[63],"elements.":[65],"However,":[66],"due":[67],"unknown":[69],"user":[70],"locations,":[71],"multiple":[72],"ports,":[74],"varying":[76],"channel":[77,85,129],"environments,":[78],"beamforming":[79],"schemes":[80],"relying":[81],"on":[82],"acquiring":[83],"accurate":[84],"state":[86],"information":[87],"(CSI)":[88],"suffer":[89],"high":[90],"complexity.":[91],"To":[92],"avoid":[93],"CSI":[94],"acquisition,":[95],"design":[97],"low-overhead":[99],"fluid":[100,110,154,187],"beam":[101,111,155,188],"training":[102,112,156,189,195],"scheme":[103],"RHS-enabled":[105],"FAS.":[106],"Unlike":[107],"fixed-position":[108],"antennas,":[109],"employs":[113],"via":[117],"element":[118,140],"activation,":[119],"namely":[120],"sliding":[121,179,191],"windows,":[122],"each":[124],"codeword":[125],"improve":[127],"quality,":[130],"thereby":[131],"enhancing":[132],"received":[134],"signal":[135],"strength":[136],"(RSS).":[137],"Such":[138],"activation":[141],"method":[142],"is":[143],"also":[144],"applied":[145],"reprogram":[147],"effective":[149],"array":[150],"aperture,":[151],"hence":[152],"adopts":[157],"hierarchical":[159],"structure":[160],"where":[161],"beamwidth":[163],"codewords":[165],"narrows":[166],"across":[167],"layers.":[168],"Experimental":[169],"simulation":[171],"results":[172],"verify":[173],"variation":[175],"RSS":[177],"with":[178],"windows.":[180],"Compared":[181],"traditional":[183],"schemes,":[184],"proposed":[186],"utilizing":[190],"windows":[192],"achieves":[193],"higher":[194],"accuracy":[196],"data":[198],"rates.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}