{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414229913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487","title":"Polarforming Antenna Enhanced Sensing and Communication: Modeling and Optimization","display_name":"Polarforming Antenna Enhanced Sensing and Communication: Modeling and Optimization","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414229913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007320479","display_name":"Xiaodan Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaodan Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3249-8045","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422102","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165932596","display_name":"National University of Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01tgyzw49","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8729-8393","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165932596"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043286765","display_name":"Haibo Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-8917"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haibo Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6549-8917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102096822","display_name":"Qian Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7440-7580"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116924","display_name":"Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/02d5ks197","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177725633","https://openalex.org/I180726961","https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qijun Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7440-7580","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039199386","display_name":"Conghao Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-2432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Conghao Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5727-2432","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Telecommunications Engineering, Xidian University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061723765","display_name":"Weihua Zhuang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihua Zhuang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0488-511X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100773343","display_name":"Xuemin Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I151746483","display_name":"University of Waterloo","ror":"https://ror.org/01aff2v68","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xuemin Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4140-287X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I151746483"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":25.3834,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99358974,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"416","last_page":"431"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9605000019073486,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-diversity","display_name":"Antenna diversity","score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-telephony","display_name":"Mobile telephony","score":0.36230000853538513}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.836899995803833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6089000105857849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60069766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357054","display_name":"Antenna diversity","level":3,"score":0.5817999839782715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5397999882698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5202999711036682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.5015000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.4999000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4068000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.4050999879837036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95491727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q992968","display_name":"Mobile telephony","level":3,"score":0.36230000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876057","display_name":"Multi-user","level":2,"score":0.36059999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.35850000381469727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3483999967575073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781327853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3552547","display_name":"User equipment","level":3,"score":0.34689998626708984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151764478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q571921","display_name":"Radiation pattern","level":3,"score":0.3425000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24027999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176348","display_name":"Omnidirectional antenna","level":3,"score":0.32820001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131369404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7554278","display_name":"Reconfigurable antenna","level":5,"score":0.3149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198746922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230593","display_name":"Diversity scheme","level":4,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.30630001425743103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186967261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5082128","display_name":"Mobile device","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136817519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947493","display_name":"Diversity combining","level":4,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81183938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q251537","display_name":"Antenna gain","level":5,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164785522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283966","display_name":"Diversity gain","level":4,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2743000090122223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2660999894142151},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.26260000467300415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143148639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4876192","display_name":"Beam steering","level":3,"score":0.2517000138759613}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2537544295","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"R-261-518-005-720","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334802","funder_display_name":"Adelaide Research and Innovation, University of Adelaide"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5912265457","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AFP-RP5","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334802","funder_display_name":"Adelaide Research and Innovation, University of Adelaide"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7547104240","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62331022","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329841","display_name":"Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334802","display_name":"Adelaide Research and Innovation, University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W1989876652","https://openalex.org/W2065312435","https://openalex.org/W2153878620","https://openalex.org/W2169245194","https://openalex.org/W2291895594","https://openalex.org/W2293567989","https://openalex.org/W2893303065","https://openalex.org/W3036056878","https://openalex.org/W3120117232","https://openalex.org/W3127940641","https://openalex.org/W3155535021","https://openalex.org/W3214875997","https://openalex.org/W4205204500","https://openalex.org/W4205946715","https://openalex.org/W4214867678","https://openalex.org/W4282978725","https://openalex.org/W4288391424","https://openalex.org/W4364322798","https://openalex.org/W4378697233","https://openalex.org/W4383199058","https://openalex.org/W4385288801","https://openalex.org/W4388019147","https://openalex.org/W4401387027","https://openalex.org/W4404307132","https://openalex.org/W4406689889","https://openalex.org/W4407374228","https://openalex.org/W4409014629","https://openalex.org/W4409536613","https://openalex.org/W4410537232","https://openalex.org/W4412972470","https://openalex.org/W4414539480","https://openalex.org/W7116748904","https://openalex.org/W7117879900"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,61,125,243],"propose":[4,142,205],"a":[5,63,80,91,118,143,206,214],"novelpolarforming":[6],"antenna":[7,134,138,268,291,305],"(PA)to":[8],"achieve":[9],"cost-effective":[10],"wireless":[11,46],"sensing":[12,50,66,75],"and":[13,41,51,67,85,137,166,202,261,270,284,293],"communication.":[14],"Specifically,":[15],"the":[16,24,56,97,127,149,159,162,170,176,186,197,223,228,236,245,254,266,273,278,286],"PA":[17,128,229],"can":[18],"enable":[19],"polarforming":[20,135,180,303],"to":[21,37,44,76,183,185,221],"adaptively":[22],"control":[23],"antenna\u2019s":[25],"polarization":[26,40],"electrically":[27],"as":[28,30,36],"well":[29],"tune":[31],"its":[32],"position/rotation":[33,306],"mechanically,":[34],"so":[35],"effectively":[38],"exploit":[39],"spatial":[42],"diversity":[43],"reconfigure":[45],"channels":[47],"for":[48],"improving":[49],"communication":[52,68,78],"performance.":[53],"To":[54],"analyze":[55],"performance":[57,287],"gain":[58],"of":[59,99,132,161,189,218,249,280,289],"PA,":[60],"study":[62],"PA-enhanced":[64],"integrated":[65],"(ISAC)":[69],"system":[70],"that":[71,212],"utilizes":[72],"user":[73,152,172,190,209],"location":[74],"facilitate":[77],"between":[79],"PA-equipped":[81,86],"base":[82],"station":[83],"(BS)":[84],"users,":[87],"by":[88,114,158,251],"focusing":[89],"on":[90,169,235],"new":[92,207],"practical":[93],"channel":[94,129,230],"setup":[95],"where":[96,147],"locations":[98],"users":[100,250],"are":[101],"nearly":[102],"time-invariant":[103],"but":[104],"their":[105,294],"orientations":[106],"may":[107],"change":[108],"frequently":[109],"(e.g.,":[110],"mobile":[111],"phones":[112],"rotated":[113],"spectators":[115],"seated":[116],"in":[117,130,148,175,192,227,297],"stadium":[119],"while":[120],"taking":[121],"live":[122],"photos).":[123],"First,":[124],"model":[126],"terms":[131],"transceiver":[133,179,256],"vectors":[136,220],"positions/rotations.":[139],"We":[140,204],"then":[141],"two-timescale":[144],"ISAC":[145],"protocol,":[146],"slow":[150],"timescale,":[151,178],"localization":[153,210,282],"is":[154,181],"first":[155],"performed,":[156],"followed":[157],"optimization":[160],"BS":[163,199],"antennas\u2019":[164,200],"positions":[165,201,271],"rotations":[167,269],"based":[168,234],"sensed":[171],"locations;":[173],"subsequently,":[174],"fast":[177],"adapted":[182],"cater":[184],"instantaneous":[187],"orientation":[188],"devices":[191],"three-dimensional":[193],"(3D)":[194],"space,":[195],"with":[196,265,299],"optimized":[198],"rotations.":[203],"polarforming-based":[208,281],"method":[211],"uses":[213],"structured":[215],"time-domain":[216],"pattern":[217],"pilot-polarforming":[219],"extract":[222],"common":[224],"stable":[225],"components":[226],"across":[231],"different":[232],"polarizations":[233],"parallel":[237],"factor":[238],"(PARAFAC)":[239],"tensor":[240],"model.":[241],"Moreover,":[242],"maximize":[244],"achievable":[246],"average":[247],"sum-rate":[248],"jointly":[252],"optimizing":[253],"fast-timescale":[255],"polarforming,":[257,290],"including":[258],"phase":[259],"shifts":[260],"amplitude":[262],"variations,":[263],"along":[264],"slow-timescale":[267],"at":[272],"BS.":[274],"Simulation":[275],"results":[276],"validate":[277],"effectiveness":[279],"algorithm":[283],"demonstrate":[285],"advantages":[288],"placement,":[292],"joint":[295],"design":[296],"comparison":[298],"various":[300],"benchmarks":[301],"without":[302],"or":[304],"adaptation.":[307]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}