{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414229923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401","title":"Power and Resource Allocation for Downlink Pilot-Based Cell-Free Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems","display_name":"Power and Resource Allocation for Downlink Pilot-Based Cell-Free Integrated Sensing and Communication Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414229923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076364750","display_name":"Jia-Wei Liao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiangwei Liao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114973546","display_name":"Huiling Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3021-5013"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huiling Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100777573","display_name":"Fangyuan Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4301-021X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210095258","display_name":"Jinchuan (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00sxp6h30","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210095258"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fangyuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jinyichang Science and Technology Company Ltd., Yichang, China","Jinyichang Science&#x0026;Technology Co., Lt, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinyichang Science and Technology Company Ltd., Yichang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095258"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jinyichang Science&#x0026;Technology Co., Lt, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210095258"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006757557","display_name":"Changrun Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3031-7944"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","display_name":"University of Kent","ror":"https://ror.org/00xkeyj56","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Changrun Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, University of Kent, Canterbury, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076364750"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.23604213,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":null,"first_page":"659","last_page":"672"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9185000061988831,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.8163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.6777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frame","display_name":"Frame (networking)","score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pilot-signal","display_name":"Pilot signal","score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.40049999952316284}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.8163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.6777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.5468000173568726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.545799970626831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.49239999055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45579999685287476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.4383000135421753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126042441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1324888","display_name":"Frame (networking)","level":2,"score":0.43470001220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.40689998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4059999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197264572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2095206","display_name":"Pilot signal","level":3,"score":0.4052000045776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.40049999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.3862999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557945733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389772","display_name":"Data transmission","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3668000102043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114237682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072483","display_name":"Channel allocation schemes","level":3,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3434000015258789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.31859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.2955000102519989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.2687000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780609101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17156588","display_name":"Resource management (computing)","level":2,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.2606000006198883}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3610401","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:kar.kent.ac.uk:111228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2025.3610401>)","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196264","display_name":"Kent Academic Repository (University of Kent)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I20581793","host_organization_name":"University of Kent","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20581793"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"PeerReviewed"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3448567087","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y027558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6494231489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/Y027558/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,26],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"an":[3],"integrated":[4],"sensing":[5,24],"and":[6,23,48,76,112,138,154,204,232,242],"communication":[7,22,75],"(ISAC)":[8],"system":[9],"was":[10],"proposed":[11,92,144],"under":[12,106,149,170],"cell-free":[13,66],"architecture":[14],"with":[15,93],"different":[16],"power":[17,88,108,130,217],"allocation":[18,89],"schemes":[19],"for":[20,34,70,103,219,251],"both":[21,71,201,239],"functions.":[25],"addition":[27],"to":[28,156,188],"using":[29],"uplink":[30],"(UL)":[31],"pilot":[32,44,168,182,186,230,233],"transmission":[33],"channel":[35,72,100,202,240],"estimation,":[36],"a":[37,87,150,171,211],"group":[38],"of":[39,96,110,118,142,166,180,200,215],"pre-designed":[40],"orthogonal":[41],"downlink":[42],"(DL)":[43],"sequences":[45],"are":[46,68],"inserted":[47,62],"transmitted":[49],"from":[50],"each":[51,104],"cooperative":[52,77],"access":[53],"point":[54],"(AP)":[55],"towards":[56],"the":[57,84,94,98,107,119,128,132,143,157,164,167,178,181,185,189,198,222,228],"user":[58],"equipments":[59],"(UEs).":[60],"The":[61,121,140],"DL":[63,133],"pilots":[64],"in":[65,74,79],"ISAC":[67,85,145],"utilized":[69],"estimation":[73,101,203,241],"localization":[78,205,243],"radar":[80],"sensing.":[81],"Based":[82],"on":[83],"strategy,":[86],"scheme":[90,123],"is":[91,135,147],"objective":[95],"minimizing":[97],"maximum":[99],"error":[102,116],"user,":[105],"constraints":[109,117],"APs":[111,125],"minimum":[113],"mean":[114],"square":[115],"localization.":[120],"full-power":[122],"which":[124,235],"consume":[126],"all":[127],"available":[129,250],"during":[131],"phase":[134],"also":[136],"studied":[137],"analyzed.":[139],"performance":[141],"strategy":[146],"evaluated":[148],"realistic":[151],"highway":[152],"scenario,":[153],"compared":[155],"existing":[158],"non-DL":[159],"strategies.":[160],"Additionally,":[161],"we":[162],"investigate":[163],"impact":[165,179],"ratio":[169,231],"constrained":[172],"signal":[173,191],"length,":[174],"as":[175,177],"well":[176],"proportion":[183,234],"that":[184,197],"length":[187],"entire":[190],"frame":[192],"length.":[193],"Simulation":[194],"results":[195],"show":[196],"performances":[199],"can":[206,236],"be":[207],"significantly":[208,237],"improved":[209],"at":[210],"relatively":[212],"low":[213],"cost":[214],"extra":[216],"needed":[218],"APs.":[220],"Moreover,":[221],"analysis":[223],"provides":[224],"insights":[225],"into":[226],"optimizing":[227],"DL/UL":[229],"enhance":[238],"accuracy,":[244],"while":[245],"ensuring":[246],"sufficient":[247],"resources":[248],"remain":[249],"data":[252],"payload.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
