{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410204188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057","title":"Verifiable Quantum Homomorphic Encryption","display_name":"Verifiable Quantum Homomorphic Encryption","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410204188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100438883","display_name":"Qin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-3236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6393-3236","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuxun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6966-3836"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-6966-3836","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101905947","display_name":"Lingli Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4575-690X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lingli Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068977066","display_name":"Lvzhou Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I157773358","display_name":"Sun Yat-sen University","ror":"https://ror.org/0064kty71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lvzhou Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Quantum Computing and Software, School of Computer and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","Institute of quantum computation and Computer Theory and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-7036","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Quantum Computing and Software, School of Computer and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of quantum computation and Computer Theory and School of Computer Science and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I157773358"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.188,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93627409,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"8","first_page":"2898","last_page":"2911"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9817000031471252,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8216641545295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.7767165899276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verifiable-secret-sharing","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","score":0.6761502027511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-secret-sharing","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","score":0.6332641243934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5281001925468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38351887464523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.37158679962158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.33476144075393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.3226933479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secure-multi-party-computation","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","score":0.176193505525589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.12104353308677673}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8216641545295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.7767165899276733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85847156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q59015987","display_name":"Verifiable secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.6761502027511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132161212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891458","display_name":"Homomorphic secret sharing","level":4,"score":0.6332641243934631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5281001925468445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38351887464523315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.37158679962158203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33476144075393677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.3226933479309082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18396474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2465888","display_name":"Secure multi-party computation","level":3,"score":0.176193505525589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12104353308677673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3568057","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4905797547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"92465202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5600110289","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"XDCX2024Y279","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","funder_display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5675855966","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62272492","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7197732045","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271436","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326217","display_name":"Hunan Provincial Innovation Foundation for Postgraduate","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W56544557","https://openalex.org/W1540143929","https://openalex.org/W1560341753","https://openalex.org/W1900181948","https://openalex.org/W1969408209","https://openalex.org/W1979120705","https://openalex.org/W2007466965","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2084652510","https://openalex.org/W2168676717","https://openalex.org/W2201916012","https://openalex.org/W2752545304","https://openalex.org/W2783364275","https://openalex.org/W2896712926","https://openalex.org/W2900089679","https://openalex.org/W2913992572","https://openalex.org/W2949284128","https://openalex.org/W2949350755","https://openalex.org/W2963589292","https://openalex.org/W2990776715","https://openalex.org/W3006093426","https://openalex.org/W3011056995","https://openalex.org/W3026387229","https://openalex.org/W3043784418","https://openalex.org/W3106678930","https://openalex.org/W4206634505","https://openalex.org/W4220720589","https://openalex.org/W4281489365","https://openalex.org/W4310858793","https://openalex.org/W4318977955","https://openalex.org/W4367841521","https://openalex.org/W4384459958","https://openalex.org/W4390974795","https://openalex.org/W4392595180","https://openalex.org/W4394966891","https://openalex.org/W4399118343","https://openalex.org/W4399568351","https://openalex.org/W4401615647","https://openalex.org/W4402412287","https://openalex.org/W4402503607"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4316659877","https://openalex.org/W2255318804","https://openalex.org/W1557783852","https://openalex.org/W2363629235","https://openalex.org/W2034979624","https://openalex.org/W3035389378","https://openalex.org/W2607647996","https://openalex.org/W2356937512","https://openalex.org/W2391956792","https://openalex.org/W2111019861"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Quantum":[0],"homomorphic":[1,81,149],"encryption":[2],"(QHE)":[3],"can":[4,98],"allow":[5],"clients":[6,36],"to":[7,37,72,118,130,140],"directly":[8],"perform":[9],"quantum":[10,21,61,109,114,122,157],"computation":[11,42,150],"on":[12,58,135],"encrypted":[13],"data":[14],"with":[15],"the":[16,29,39,46,59,74,80,92,131,138,143,148],"assistance":[17],"of":[18,32,41,83,155],"a":[19,53,67,88,125],"remote":[20],"server.":[22,47],"However,":[23],"existing":[24,104],"QHE":[25,55,105,132],"schemes":[26],"often":[27],"overlook":[28],"crucial":[30],"property":[31],"verifiability":[33],"which":[34],"enables":[35],"validate":[38],"correctness":[40],"results":[43],"provided":[44],"by":[45,151],"In":[48],"this":[49],"paper,":[50],"we":[51],"propose":[52],"verifiable":[54,126],"scheme":[56,106,133],"based":[57,134],"universal":[60,113],"gate":[62,115],"set":[63,116],"{H,P,Toffoli}.":[64],"At":[65],"first,":[66],"specialized":[68],"gadget":[69,94],"is":[70,95,128,145],"designed":[71,93],"eliminate":[73],"errors":[75],"that":[76,107],"may":[77],"arise":[78],"during":[79,147],"evaluation":[82],"non-Clifford":[84],"Toffoli":[85],"gates":[86,110],"in":[87,111],"non-interactive":[89],"manner.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"versatile":[96],"and":[97],"be":[99],"seamlessly":[100],"integrated":[101],"into":[102],"an":[103],"implements":[108],"another":[112],"{H,T,CNOT}":[117],"homomorphically":[119],"evaluate":[120],"more":[121],"gates.":[123],"Subsequently,":[124],"method":[127],"introduced":[129],"{H,P,Toffoli}":[136],"for":[137],"client":[139],"detect":[141],"whether":[142],"server":[144],"honest":[146],"employing":[152],"three":[153],"types":[154],"indistinguishable":[156],"circuits.":[158]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
