{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4409991991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011","title":"Security Within Security: Attack Detection Model With Defenses Against Attacks Capability for Zero-Trust Networks","display_name":"Security Within Security: Attack Detection Model With Defenses Against Attacks Capability for Zero-Trust Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4409991991","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100447723","display_name":"Tingting Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-7159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tingting Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2666-7159","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061880171","display_name":"Kai Fang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-1468"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Fang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0419-1468","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000947296","display_name":"Jijing Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9965-8454"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jijing Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9965-8454","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5115695429","display_name":"Lina Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-5431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lina Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7601-2917","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101902782","display_name":"Jinyu Tian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinyu Tian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2449-5277","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034832697","display_name":"Hailin Feng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1284762954","display_name":"Zhejiang A & F University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vj4rn06","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hailin Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2734-480X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1284762954"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100641152","display_name":"Jianqing Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-1483"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111950717","display_name":"Macau University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03jqs2n27","country_code":"MO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111950717","https://openalex.org/I4391767947"]}],"countries":["MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianqing Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-1483","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Faculty of Innovation Engineering, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, SAR, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057916222","display_name":"Mohsen Guizani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210113480","display_name":"Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/0258gkt32","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohsen Guizani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8972-8094","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Machine Learning Department, Mohamed Bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence (MBZUAI), UAE","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210113480"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100391896","display_name":"Wei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1717-5785"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482657","display_name":"Shenzhen MSU-BIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/02q963474","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}],"countries":["CN","MO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing, Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing, Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Research Institute, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Joint Laboratory for Emotion Intelligence and Pervasive Computing, Shenzhen MSU-BIT University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4388482657"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100447723"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111950717"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.4616,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97818116,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"6","first_page":"2312","last_page":"2327"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9523000121116638,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8254783153533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.7042131423950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-security","display_name":"Network security","score":0.5057742595672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security-model","display_name":"Computer security model","score":0.4662460386753082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zero","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","score":0.45567354559898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3943064212799072}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8254783153533936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.7042131423950195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182590292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q989632","display_name":"Network security","level":2,"score":0.5057742595672607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121822524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157582","display_name":"Computer security model","level":2,"score":0.4662460386753082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780813799","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3274237","display_name":"Zero (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.45567354559898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3943064212799072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3560011","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5389250403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6161602508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62403433","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2296509296","https://openalex.org/W2527999453","https://openalex.org/W2605725913","https://openalex.org/W2744338514","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2964115968","https://openalex.org/W2977117446","https://openalex.org/W3010591882","https://openalex.org/W3014732532","https://openalex.org/W3085306326","https://openalex.org/W3108402236","https://openalex.org/W3108514737","https://openalex.org/W3131760540","https://openalex.org/W3135939397","https://openalex.org/W3203920254","https://openalex.org/W4214878784","https://openalex.org/W4285212922","https://openalex.org/W4293199628","https://openalex.org/W4294811472","https://openalex.org/W4295185261","https://openalex.org/W4295921726","https://openalex.org/W4313336066","https://openalex.org/W4313654696","https://openalex.org/W4316021733","https://openalex.org/W4317603914","https://openalex.org/W4362496414","https://openalex.org/W4386280993","https://openalex.org/W4386568690","https://openalex.org/W4387046648","https://openalex.org/W4387092343","https://openalex.org/W4387872721","https://openalex.org/W4388681972","https://openalex.org/W4390509838","https://openalex.org/W4391929618","https://openalex.org/W4392399461","https://openalex.org/W4399557292","https://openalex.org/W4400235880","https://openalex.org/W6639480849","https://openalex.org/W6640425456","https://openalex.org/W6737965738"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2360633292","https://openalex.org/W1623393394","https://openalex.org/W2378688856","https://openalex.org/W2350820032","https://openalex.org/W2392498762","https://openalex.org/W2498628942","https://openalex.org/W2744631404","https://openalex.org/W3099433986","https://openalex.org/W2388760686","https://openalex.org/W2404921573"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Traditional":[0],"traffic":[1,143],"anomaly-based":[2],"attack":[3,25,36,44,61,91,126,146,168,204],"detection":[4,26,37,45,62,92,95,100,205,211],"methods":[5],"in":[6,31,93,118,210],"Zero-trust":[7],"Networks":[8,78,152],"(ZTN)":[9],"suffer":[10],"from":[11],"inherent":[12],"security":[13,21,41,84],"vulnerabilities,":[14],"as":[15],"they":[16],"neglect":[17],"considerations":[18],"regarding":[19],"their":[20],"defenses.":[22],"Compromising":[23],"the":[24,32,40,43,83,115,123,140,162,173,195,223],"model":[27,46,180],"itself":[28],"can":[29],"result":[30],"breakdown":[33],"of":[34,42,85,125,130,145,164,172,194],"normal":[35],"capabilities.":[38],"Ensuring":[39],"during":[47],"runtime":[48],"presents":[49],"a":[50,59,108],"novel":[51,60],"challenge.":[52],"To":[53],"address":[54],"these":[55],"shortcomings,":[56],"we":[57,149],"propose":[58],"model,":[63],"termed":[64],"Security":[65],"within":[66],"Security:":[67],"Attack":[68],"Detection":[69],"Model":[70],"with":[71],"Defenses":[72],"Against":[73],"Attacks":[74],"Capability":[75],"for":[76],"Zero-Trust":[77],"(SWS),":[79],"aimed":[80],"at":[81],"enhancing":[82],"ZTN.":[86],"SWS":[87,112,135,174,207],"focuses":[88],"on":[89,138,191],"achieving":[90],"non-secure":[94],"environments,":[96],"to":[97,114,136,160,202],"maintain":[98],"its":[99],"capability":[101],"even":[102],"when":[103],"under":[104],"attack.":[105],"By":[106],"employing":[107],"soft":[109],"thresholding":[110],"method,":[111],"adapts":[113],"dynamic":[116],"changes":[117],"network":[119,167],"traffic,":[120],"thus":[121],"reducing":[122,222],"interference":[124],"signals.":[127],"The":[128,170],"incorporation":[129],"an":[131],"attention":[132],"mechanism":[133],"enables":[134],"concentrate":[137],"analyzing":[139],"most":[141],"indicative":[142],"features":[144],"behavior.":[147],"Additionally,":[148],"integrate":[150],"Residual":[151],"(ResNet)":[153],"and":[154,188,213,218],"Bidirectional":[155],"Long":[156],"Short-Term":[157],"Memory":[158],"(BiLSTM)":[159],"enhance":[161],"robustness":[163],"identifying":[165],"complex":[166],"behaviors.":[169],"effectiveness":[171],"is":[175],"validated":[176],"through":[177],"ablation":[178],"studies,":[179],"comparisons,":[181],"experiments":[182,189],"conducted":[183,190],"over":[184],"different":[185],"training":[186],"epochs,":[187],"various":[192],"components":[193],"dataset.":[196],"Experimental":[197],"results":[198],"demonstrate":[199],"that":[200],"compared":[201],"existing":[203],"models,":[206],"achieves":[208],"improvements":[209],"accuracy":[212],"recall":[214],"rate":[215],"by":[216,228],"13.4%":[217],"10.6%,":[219],"respectively,":[220],"while":[221],"False":[224],"Positive":[225],"Rate":[226],"(FPR)":[227],"16.9%.":[229]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}