{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407737298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482","title":"Multi-Failure Localization in High-Degree ROADM-Based Optical Networks Using Rules-Informed Neural Networks","display_name":"Multi-Failure Localization in High-Degree ROADM-Based Optical Networks Using Rules-Informed Neural Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407737298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1282005/1/JSAC_multi_failure_localization_R2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100717078","display_name":"Ruikun Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9139-6439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruikun Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002607678","display_name":"Qiaolun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7012-950X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiaolun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462851","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-7938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1377-7938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101898606","display_name":"Zhiqun Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-9107"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiqun Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4293-9107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038436028","display_name":"M\u00ebm\u00ebdhe Ibrahimi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-8206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Memedhe Ibrahimi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9823-8206","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049474726","display_name":"Hao Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3426"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ICTFicial Oy, Espoo, Finland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3522-3426","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ICTFicial Oy, Espoo, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062362877","display_name":"Bojun Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-5931"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bojun Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042021806","display_name":"Francesco Musumeci","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-5916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Francesco Musumeci","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3617-5916","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073088180","display_name":"Yuefeng Ji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-272X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuefeng Ji","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6618-272X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038468421","display_name":"Massimo Tornatore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-1061"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I93860229","display_name":"Politecnico di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/01nffqt88","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Tornatore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0740-1061","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I93860229"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1782,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98503698,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"5","first_page":"1738","last_page":"1754"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7786241769790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.6371127963066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/degree","display_name":"Degree (music)","score":0.5744481682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3789594769477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.37562841176986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3246988356113434}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7786241769790649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.6371127963066101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775997480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q586277","display_name":"Degree (music)","level":2,"score":0.5744481682777405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3789594769477844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.37562841176986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3246988356113434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3543482","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1282005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1282005","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1282005/1/JSAC_multi_failure_localization_R2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:re.public.polimi.it:11311/1282005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11311/1282005","pdf_url":"https://re.public.polimi.it/bitstream/11311/1282005/1/JSAC_multi_failure_localization_R2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400312","display_name":"Virtual Community of Pathological Anatomy (University of Castilla La Mancha)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79189158","host_organization_name":"University of Castilla-La Mancha","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79189158"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5713431292","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271078","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7906052687","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"PE00000001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407737298.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1580640958","https://openalex.org/W2093986585","https://openalex.org/W2108478526","https://openalex.org/W2112722910","https://openalex.org/W2169547545","https://openalex.org/W2980234589","https://openalex.org/W3007967430","https://openalex.org/W3021981385","https://openalex.org/W3033839312","https://openalex.org/W3082806766","https://openalex.org/W3088127099","https://openalex.org/W3127593595","https://openalex.org/W3127936792","https://openalex.org/W3155657938","https://openalex.org/W3174323269","https://openalex.org/W3183594125","https://openalex.org/W3212941463","https://openalex.org/W4205186787","https://openalex.org/W4210555044","https://openalex.org/W4223989627","https://openalex.org/W4226504779","https://openalex.org/W4313291253","https://openalex.org/W4313598787","https://openalex.org/W4317941341","https://openalex.org/W4323318992","https://openalex.org/W4328051155","https://openalex.org/W4365450780","https://openalex.org/W4377082549","https://openalex.org/W4379931578","https://openalex.org/W4385453272","https://openalex.org/W4385486479","https://openalex.org/W4385655857","https://openalex.org/W4391547620","https://openalex.org/W4392429267","https://openalex.org/W4393174638","https://openalex.org/W4393174750","https://openalex.org/W4401326469","https://openalex.org/W6651794730","https://openalex.org/W6867088302"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2399035783","https://openalex.org/W3161230432","https://openalex.org/W4367190712","https://openalex.org/W2168900540","https://openalex.org/W1487201914","https://openalex.org/W4301429470","https://openalex.org/W280458463","https://openalex.org/W1170131723","https://openalex.org/W2125310826","https://openalex.org/W4292560652"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,75,97],"accommodate":[1],"ever-growing":[2],"traffic,":[3],"network":[4,153],"operators":[5],"are":[6],"actively":[7],"deploying":[8],"high-degree":[9,53,93],"reconfigurable":[10],"optical":[11,18,22,50,95,119,127],"add/drop":[12],"multiplexers":[13],"(ROADMs)":[14],"to":[15,123,129,187,194],"build":[16],"large-capacity":[17],"networks.":[19,96],"High-degree":[20],"ROADM-based":[21,94],"networks":[23,55,169],"have":[24],"multiple":[25,60,72],"parallel":[26],"fibers":[27],"between":[28],"ROADM":[29,35,54],"nodes,":[30],"requiring":[31],"the":[32,57,76,83,87,107,160],"adoption":[33],"of":[34,41,48,59,71,78,89,106,118,162,202],"nodes":[36],"with":[37],"a":[38,104,145,150],"large":[39,46],"number":[40,47],"inter-/intra-node":[42,49,111],"components.":[43,74],"However,":[44],"this":[45,81,99],"components":[51],"in":[52],"increases":[56],"likelihood":[58],"failures":[61,108],"simultaneously,":[62],"and":[63,113,140,166,174],"calls":[64],"for":[65,68,92,132,155],"novel":[66,146],"methods":[67],"accurate":[69],"localization":[70,91,191],"failed":[73],"best":[77],"our":[79,138,180],"knowledge,":[80],"is":[82],"first":[84,102],"study":[85],"investigating":[86],"problem":[88],"multi-failure":[90,134,156],"solve":[98],"problem,":[100],"we":[101,114,143,177],"provide":[103],"description":[105],"affecting":[109],"both":[110,163],"components,":[112],"consider":[115],"different":[116],"deployments":[117],"power":[120],"monitors":[121],"(OPMs)":[122],"obtain":[124],"information":[125],"(i.e.,":[126],"power)":[128],"be":[130],"used":[131],"automated":[133],"localization.":[135],"Then,":[136],"as":[137],"main":[139],"original":[141],"contribution,":[142],"propose":[144],"method":[147],"based":[148],"on":[149],"rules-informed":[151],"neural":[152,168],"(RINN)":[154],"localization,":[157],"which":[158],"incorporates":[159],"benefits":[161],"rules-based":[164],"reasoning":[165],"artificial":[167],"(ANN).":[170],"Through":[171],"extensive":[172],"simulations":[173],"experimental":[175],"demonstrations,":[176],"show":[178],"that":[179],"proposed":[181],"RINN":[182],"algorithm":[183],"can":[184],"achieve":[185],"up":[186],"around":[188,199],"20%":[189],"higher":[190],"accuracy":[192],"compared":[193],"baseline":[195],"algorithms,":[196],"incurring":[197],"only":[198],"4.14":[200],"ms":[201],"average":[203],"inference":[204],"time.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":18}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}