{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406857868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525","title":"Implementation of a Cell-Free RAN System With Distributed Cooperative Transceivers Under ORAN Architecture","display_name":"Implementation of a Cell-Free RAN System With Distributed Cooperative Transceivers Under ORAN Architecture","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406857868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025947467","display_name":"Yang Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4671"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4671","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100357834","display_name":"Ziyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7067-9499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022015602","display_name":"Xinjiang Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-8022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinjiang Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Lab, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3326-8022","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Lab, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073371554","display_name":"Pengzhe Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-2268"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pengzhe Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-2268","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101664357","display_name":"Dongjie Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9969-3318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongjie Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Lab, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Lab, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100590710","display_name":"Kang Zheng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020595103","display_name":"Mengting Lou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-362X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mengting Lou","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-362X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100449404","display_name":"Jing Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6327-1274"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6327-1274","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100762080","display_name":"Qixing Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0623-1910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180662265","display_name":"China Mobile (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/05gftfe97","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qixing Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"China Mobile Research Institute, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180662265"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100737019","display_name":"Dongming Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-6567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dongming Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2762-6567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056225611","display_name":"Yongming Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongming Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-4616","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029002143","display_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangzhou Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0881-3594","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":13,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.3144,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93959244,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"3","first_page":"765","last_page":"779"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11932","display_name":"Wireless Body Area Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8075459003448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.6778876781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/c-ran","display_name":"C-RAN","score":0.677251398563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ran","display_name":"Ran","score":0.6646531820297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5239667892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architecture","display_name":"Architecture","score":0.5111554265022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.44114676117897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.40496283769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-access-network","display_name":"Radio access network","score":0.3512493669986725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2425956428050995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.21138280630111694}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8075459003448486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.6778876781463623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779765720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5005908","display_name":"C-RAN","level":5,"score":0.677251398563385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160704184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18031028","display_name":"Ran","level":2,"score":0.6646531820297241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5239667892456055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.5111554265022278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.44114676117897034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.40496283769607544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106365562","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3078360","display_name":"Radio access network","level":4,"score":0.3512493669986725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2425956428050995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.21138280630111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207029474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q384018","display_name":"Mobile station","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2025.3531525","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5298968265","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62350710796","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5965185695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6895962253","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7213161112","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8742701772","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371346","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","funder_display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333688","display_name":"National Outstanding Youth Science Fund Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2152053270","https://openalex.org/W2155174176","https://openalex.org/W2158057034","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2289191545","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2797535556","https://openalex.org/W2962866638","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2964050245","https://openalex.org/W2964181991","https://openalex.org/W2964338899","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2971466482","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2998514310","https://openalex.org/W3038651725","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3114965973","https://openalex.org/W3188358066","https://openalex.org/W4226338917","https://openalex.org/W4312279274","https://openalex.org/W4321498527","https://openalex.org/W4382888720","https://openalex.org/W6756130111","https://openalex.org/W6841655608","https://openalex.org/W6847149262"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3018338683","https://openalex.org/W3037103914","https://openalex.org/W2922954044","https://openalex.org/W4315630224","https://openalex.org/W3197340217","https://openalex.org/W2618068568","https://openalex.org/W4294306393","https://openalex.org/W4381187802","https://openalex.org/W4311923021","https://openalex.org/W2692554635"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"a":[1,41],"key":[2],"technology":[3],"for":[4,114],"the":[5,8,21,34,50,63,72,78,115],"evolution":[6],"to":[7],"sixth":[9],"generation":[10],"(6G)":[11],"systems,":[12],"cell-free":[13,42],"massive":[14],"multiple-input":[15],"multiple-output":[16],"(CF-mMIMO)":[17],"can":[18],"effectively":[19],"improve":[20],"spectrum":[22],"efficiency,":[23],"peak":[24],"rate,":[25],"and":[26,58,65,89,102,119],"reliability":[27],"of":[28,37,69,81,97,124],"wireless":[29],"communication":[30],"systems.":[31],"Starting":[32],"from":[33],"scalable":[35],"implementation":[36,79],"CF-mMIMO,":[38],"we":[39,61,108],"study":[40],"RAN":[43,52],"(CF-RAN)":[44],"with":[45,71,126],"distributed":[46,73,117],"cooperative":[47],"transceivers":[48],"under":[49,83],"open":[51],"(ORAN)":[53],"architecture.":[54],"Through":[55],"theoretical":[56],"analysis":[57],"numerical":[59],"simulation,":[60],"investigate":[62],"uplink":[64,116],"downlink":[66,120],"spectral":[67],"efficiencies":[68],"CF-mMIMO":[70],"transceivers.":[74],"We":[75],"then":[76],"discuss":[77],"issues":[80],"CF-RAN":[82,125],"ORAN":[84,98],"architecture,":[85],"including":[86],"time-frequency":[87],"synchronization":[88],"over-the-air":[90],"reciprocity":[91],"calibration,":[92],"low":[93],"layer":[94],"splitting,":[95],"deployment":[96],"radio":[99],"units":[100],"(O-RU),":[101],"artificial":[103],"intelligent-based":[104],"user":[105],"associations.":[106],"Finally,":[107],"present":[109],"some":[110],"representative":[111],"experimental":[112],"results":[113],"reception":[118],"coherent":[121],"joint":[122],"transmission":[123],"commercial":[127],"off-the-shelf":[128],"O-RUs.":[129]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-17T08:01:34.144755","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}