{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402509689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079","title":"STAR-RIS Aided Covert Communication in UAV Air-Ground Networks","display_name":"STAR-RIS Aided Covert Communication in UAV Air-Ground Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402509689","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068981334","display_name":"Qunshu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-8331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qunshu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0153-8331","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047467022","display_name":"Shaoyong Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-8431"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shaoyong Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2033-8431","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046333931","display_name":"Celimuge Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5878"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20529979","display_name":"University of Electro-Communications","ror":"https://ror.org/02x73b849","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Celimuge Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6853-5878","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer and Network Engineering, The University of Electro-Communications, Chofu, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20529979"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008383657","display_name":"Chengwen Xing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chengwen Xing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4941-3503","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100656619","display_name":"Nan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27357992","display_name":"Dalian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/023hj5876","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6497-7799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27357992"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computing and Data Science, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061744244","display_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21370196","display_name":"Aristotle University of Thessaloniki","ror":"https://ror.org/02j61yw88","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George K. Karagiannidis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8810-0345","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21370196"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5284,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98341687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"43","issue":"1","first_page":"245","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9926000237464905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9799000024795532,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8061726689338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/star","display_name":"Star (game theory)","score":0.48600801825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4363752603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.42819932103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3464313745498657}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8061726689338684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780897414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600592","display_name":"Star (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.48600801825523376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4363752603530884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.42819932103157043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3464313745498657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3460079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/217282","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/217282","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4718972896","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U23A20271","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6611354159","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62325103","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333169","display_name":"National Science Foundation, United Arab Emirates","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2901790394","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2915414279","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W3013032983","https://openalex.org/W3023102341","https://openalex.org/W3034281970","https://openalex.org/W3110989801","https://openalex.org/W3135998278","https://openalex.org/W3164862323","https://openalex.org/W3198753883","https://openalex.org/W4213389700","https://openalex.org/W4225567865","https://openalex.org/W4285413970","https://openalex.org/W4297095235","https://openalex.org/W4312050985","https://openalex.org/W4312319408","https://openalex.org/W4312961382","https://openalex.org/W4313591201","https://openalex.org/W4323022479","https://openalex.org/W4361758198","https://openalex.org/W4361761322","https://openalex.org/W4361801977","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4385267612","https://openalex.org/W4387385578","https://openalex.org/W4387682071","https://openalex.org/W4388739163","https://openalex.org/W4388740285","https://openalex.org/W4390044158","https://openalex.org/W4390422211","https://openalex.org/W6846825895","https://openalex.org/W6876788783"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2497612952","https://openalex.org/W4247948804"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,102],"combination":[1],"of":[2,73,142,146,153,188],"a":[3,54,66,74],"simultaneously":[4],"transmitting":[5],"and":[6,12,23,93,106,148,175],"reflecting":[7],"reconfigurable":[8],"intelligent":[9],"surface":[10],"(STAR-RIS)":[11],"an":[13,117,127],"unmanned":[14],"aerial":[15],"vehicle":[16],"(UAV)":[17],"can":[18],"further":[19],"improve":[20],"channel":[21],"quality":[22],"extend":[24],"coverage.":[25],"However,":[26],"the":[27,62,71,84,91,99,121,135,140,144,150,156,186,189],"high-quality":[28],"air-to-ground":[29],"link":[30],"is":[31,131,159],"more":[32],"vulnerable":[33],"to":[34,60,65,82,115,133,184],"eavesdropping":[35],"by":[36,88,164],"adversaries.":[37],"In":[38],"this":[39],"paper,":[40],"we":[41],"investigate":[42],"STAR-RIS-assisted":[43],"covert":[44,63,85,136,191],"communication":[45,145,192],"in":[46],"UAV":[47,100,197],"non-orthogonal":[48],"multiple":[49],"access":[50],"(NOMA)":[51],"networks":[52],"with":[53],"warden":[55],"Willie,":[56],"where":[57],"Alice":[58],"intends":[59],"transmit":[61],"signal":[64],"near":[67],"user":[68,76],"Bob":[69],"under":[70,139],"cover":[72],"far":[75],"Carol":[77,147],"via":[78],"STAR-RIS.":[79],"We":[80],"aim":[81],"maximize":[83,134],"transmission":[86,137],"rate":[87,138],"jointly":[89],"optimizing":[90],"active":[92],"passive":[94],"beamforming":[95],"as":[96,98],"well":[97],"location.":[101],"error":[103,124],"detection":[104,108,123],"probability":[105],"optimal":[107],"threshold":[109],"for":[110,120,194],"Willie":[111],"are":[112,169,182],"first":[113],"derived":[114],"obtain":[116],"analytic":[118],"solution":[119],"minimum":[122],"probability.":[125],"Then,":[126],"alternating":[128],"optimization":[129],"algorithm":[130],"proposed":[132,190],"condition":[141],"guaranteeing":[143],"satisfying":[149],"covertness":[151],"constraint":[152],"Bob.":[154],"Specifically,":[155],"nonconvex":[157],"problem":[158],"decomposed":[160],"into":[161],"three":[162],"sub-problems":[163],"block":[165],"coordinate":[166],"descent,":[167],"which":[168],"then":[170],"solved":[171],"using":[172],"semidefinite":[173],"relaxation":[174],"successive":[176],"convex":[177],"approximation.":[178],"Finally,":[179],"simulation":[180],"results":[181],"presented":[183],"demonstrate":[185],"effectiveness":[187],"scheme":[193],"STAR-RIS":[195],"assisted":[196],"air-ground":[198],"networks.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":50},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}