{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402473528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074","title":"LEO- and RIS-Empowered User Tracking: A Riemannian Manifold Approach","display_name":"LEO- and RIS-Empowered User Tracking: A Riemannian Manifold Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-12","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402473528","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063198174","display_name":"Pinjun Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-7649"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pinjun Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5362-7649","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381446","display_name":"Xing Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-6821"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xing Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0506-6821","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066119580","display_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tareq Y. Al-Naffouri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6955-4720","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Program, Division of Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering (CEMSE), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94216917,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"12","first_page":"3445","last_page":"3461"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.8992999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11707","display_name":"Gaze Tracking and Assistive Technology","score":0.8992999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.8151000142097473,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805182933807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manifold","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","score":0.5904833674430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/riemannian-manifold","display_name":"Riemannian manifold","score":0.5196776986122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.48191455006599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3989405333995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10202059149742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08338817954063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.05924174189567566}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805182933807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529865628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1790740","display_name":"Manifold (fluid mechanics)","level":2,"score":0.5904833674430847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779593128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632814","display_name":"Riemannian manifold","level":2,"score":0.5196776986122131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.48191455006599426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3989405333995819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10202059149742126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08338817954063416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.05924174189567566},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3459074","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1835532524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ORA-CRG2021-4695","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","funder_display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322320","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W1558470758","https://openalex.org/W1749494163","https://openalex.org/W1968917201","https://openalex.org/W2032531715","https://openalex.org/W2034186722","https://openalex.org/W2037949688","https://openalex.org/W2047448918","https://openalex.org/W2055000932","https://openalex.org/W2068667627","https://openalex.org/W2076226407","https://openalex.org/W2102461308","https://openalex.org/W2149200615","https://openalex.org/W2150397151","https://openalex.org/W2171815623","https://openalex.org/W2788831660","https://openalex.org/W2865103122","https://openalex.org/W2896405912","https://openalex.org/W2907275873","https://openalex.org/W2914295133","https://openalex.org/W2941952695","https://openalex.org/W3002159761","https://openalex.org/W3004138072","https://openalex.org/W3007804894","https://openalex.org/W3012386190","https://openalex.org/W3040767920","https://openalex.org/W3090318508","https://openalex.org/W3091752016","https://openalex.org/W3092446067","https://openalex.org/W3126686235","https://openalex.org/W3144244478","https://openalex.org/W3159402647","https://openalex.org/W3189778133","https://openalex.org/W3200072585","https://openalex.org/W3200312993","https://openalex.org/W3206511420","https://openalex.org/W3215230729","https://openalex.org/W3216670142","https://openalex.org/W4225338091","https://openalex.org/W4225959144","https://openalex.org/W4283024491","https://openalex.org/W4285255953","https://openalex.org/W4316021945","https://openalex.org/W4321770460","https://openalex.org/W4323539420","https://openalex.org/W4327640397","https://openalex.org/W4372267582","https://openalex.org/W4380050539","https://openalex.org/W4385443660","https://openalex.org/W4386233861","https://openalex.org/W4386495203","https://openalex.org/W4387918137","https://openalex.org/W4388118621","https://openalex.org/W4389319388","https://openalex.org/W4389961260","https://openalex.org/W4390691205","https://openalex.org/W4390887455","https://openalex.org/W4390968556","https://openalex.org/W4391092643","https://openalex.org/W4399311128","https://openalex.org/W6860058514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2546668543","https://openalex.org/W2952208990"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Low":[0],"Earth":[1],"orbit":[2],"(LEO)":[3],"satellites":[4,49],"and":[5,19,33,42,50,63,81,106,184],"reconfigurable":[6],"intelligent":[7],"surfaces":[8],"(RISs)":[9],"have":[10],"recently":[11],"drawn":[12],"significant":[13],"attention":[14],"as":[15,25],"two":[16],"transformative":[17],"technologies,":[18],"the":[20,57,113,125,136,147,176,180,189,193,196],"synergy":[21],"between":[22],"them":[23],"emerges":[24],"a":[26,87,128,153],"promising":[27],"paradigm":[28],"for":[29],"providing":[30],"cross-environment":[31],"communication":[32],"positioning":[34],"services.":[35],"This":[36,95],"paper":[37],"investigates":[38],"an":[39],"integrated":[40],"terrestrial":[41],"non-terrestrial":[43],"wireless":[44],"network":[45],"that":[46],"leverages":[47],"LEO":[48,169],"RISs":[51],"to":[52,134],"achieve":[53],"simultaneous":[54],"tracking":[55,157,182],"of":[56,66,124,179,195],"three-dimensional":[58],"(3D)":[59],"position,":[60],"3D":[61,64],"velocity,":[62],"orientation":[65],"user":[67],"equipment":[68],"(UE).":[69],"To":[70],"address":[71],"inherent":[72],"challenges":[73,167],"including":[74],"nonlinear":[75,100],"observation":[76,83,138],"function,":[77],"constrained":[78],"UE":[79],"state,":[80],"unknown":[82,137],"statistics,":[84],"we":[85],"develop":[86],"Riemannian":[88],"manifold-based":[89],"unscented":[90],"Kalman":[91],"filter":[92],"(UKF)":[93],"method.":[94],"method":[96,183],"propagates":[97],"statistics":[98],"over":[99,188],"functions":[101],"using":[102],"generated":[103],"sigma":[104,126],"points":[105],"maintains":[107],"state":[108],"constraints":[109],"through":[110],"projection":[111],"onto":[112],"defined":[114],"manifold":[115],"space.":[116],"Additionally,":[117],"by":[118,160],"employing":[119],"Fisher":[120],"information":[121],"matrices":[122],"(FIMs)":[123],"points,":[127],"belief":[129,186],"assignment":[130,187],"principle":[131],"is":[132,199],"proposed":[133,181,197],"approximate":[135],"covariance":[139],"matrix,":[140],"thereby":[141],"ensuring":[142],"accurate":[143],"measurement":[144],"updates":[145],"in":[146,156],"UKF":[148,198],"procedure.":[149],"Numerical":[150],"results":[151],"demonstrate":[152],"substantial":[154],"enhancement":[155],"accuracy":[158],"facilitated":[159],"RIS":[161],"integration,":[162],"despite":[163],"urban":[164],"signal":[165],"reception":[166],"from":[168],"satellites.":[170],"In":[171],"addition,":[172],"extensive":[173],"simulations":[174],"underscore":[175],"superior":[177],"performance":[178],"FIM-based":[185],"adopted":[190],"benchmarks.":[191],"Furthermore,":[192],"robustness":[194],"verified":[200],"across":[201],"various":[202],"uncertainty":[203],"levels.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
