{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391892600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891","title":"Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Spherical Stochastic Geometry-Based Uplink Connectivity Analysis","display_name":"Space-Air-Ground Integrated Networks: Spherical Stochastic Geometry-Based Uplink Connectivity Analysis","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391892600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100677480","display_name":"Yalin Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2870-4598"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yalin Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072659343","display_name":"Hong\u2010Ning Dai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6165-4196"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141568987","display_name":"Hong Kong Baptist University","ror":"https://ror.org/0145fw131","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Ning Dai","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141568987"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042649772","display_name":"Qubeijian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6768-3016"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210157323","display_name":"South China Institute of Collaborative Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/04jnpk588","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323","https://openalex.org/I90610280"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qubeijian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cybersecurity, Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Collaborative Innovation Center of NPU, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210157323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067182182","display_name":"Om Jee Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2418-7135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56404289","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology BHU","ror":"https://ror.org/01kh5gc44","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56404289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91357014","display_name":"Banaras Hindu University","ror":"https://ror.org/04cdn2797","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Om Jee Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56404289","https://openalex.org/I91357014"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034028474","display_name":"Yaru Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6139-7414"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yaru Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100404886","display_name":"Ning Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8781-4925"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74413500","display_name":"University of Windsor","ror":"https://ror.org/01gw3d370","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74413500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070802986","display_name":"Chi Chung Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9365-9397"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi Chung Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Science and Technology, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Ho Man Tin, Hong Kong","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100677480"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":33.9173,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9965633,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"5","first_page":"1387","last_page":"1402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-geometry","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","score":0.7685689926147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7135181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7113392353057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.42171648144721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.41603997349739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3593994975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.34068459272384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.16725826263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14470991492271423}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31243852","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1666739","display_name":"Stochastic geometry","level":2,"score":0.7685689926147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7135181427001953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7113392353057861},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.42171648144721985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.41603997349739075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3593994975090027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.34068459272384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.16725826263427734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14470991492271423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2024.3365891","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5889538713","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"D5000210591","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320709","display_name":"National Research Foundation Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpyc314"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":36,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W156873595","https://openalex.org/W1581058907","https://openalex.org/W1922696133","https://openalex.org/W2022637917","https://openalex.org/W2127337238","https://openalex.org/W2143252188","https://openalex.org/W2152953137","https://openalex.org/W2942843660","https://openalex.org/W2962691117","https://openalex.org/W2963638537","https://openalex.org/W2964134356","https://openalex.org/W3004018467","https://openalex.org/W3009574497","https://openalex.org/W3010161620","https://openalex.org/W3039539730","https://openalex.org/W3045638648","https://openalex.org/W3081933036","https://openalex.org/W3089300090","https://openalex.org/W3089706104","https://openalex.org/W3099572069","https://openalex.org/W3102806519","https://openalex.org/W3111412729","https://openalex.org/W3139062370","https://openalex.org/W3169385106","https://openalex.org/W3169817290","https://openalex.org/W3195767590","https://openalex.org/W3195911184","https://openalex.org/W3209738630","https://openalex.org/W3212813280","https://openalex.org/W4213023043","https://openalex.org/W4213251304","https://openalex.org/W4230959423","https://openalex.org/W4239270100","https://openalex.org/W4285189503","https://openalex.org/W4295015997","https://openalex.org/W4366310803"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2275459886","https://openalex.org/W2963076731","https://openalex.org/W2249083530","https://openalex.org/W2604524836","https://openalex.org/W4298214884"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0],"integrating":[1],"the":[2,10,34,42,56,76,84,97,106,110,116,145,150,177,181,189,192],"merits":[3],"of":[4,62,79,83,87,101,108,144,152,180,191],"aerial,":[5],"terrestrial,":[6],"and":[7,26,52,90,134],"satellite":[8,43,117],"communications,":[9],"space-air-ground":[11],"integrated":[12],"network":[13,153],"(SAGIN)":[14],"is":[15,44,129],"an":[16,71,125],"emerging":[17],"solution":[18],"that":[19],"can":[20],"provide":[21],"massive":[22],"access,":[23],"seamless":[24],"coverage,":[25],"reliable":[27],"transmissions":[28],"for":[29,59,75],"global-range":[30,49],"applications.":[31],"In":[32,64],"SAGINs,":[33,102],"uplink":[35,77,98],"connectivity":[36,78,100,183],"from":[37,113],"ground":[38],"users":[39],"(GUs)":[40],"to":[41,69,105,115],"essential":[45],"because":[46,131],"it":[47],"ensures":[48],"data":[50],"collections":[51],"interactions,":[53],"thereby":[54],"paving":[55],"technical":[57],"foundation":[58],"practical":[60],"implementations":[61],"SAGINs.":[63,185],"this":[65,157,159,173],"article,":[66],"we":[67,95,175],"aim":[68],"establish":[70],"accurate":[72],"analytical":[73,164,178,193],"model":[74],"SAGINs":[80,128],"in":[81,149,184],"consideration":[82],"global":[85],"distributions":[86],"both":[88],"GUs":[89,114,133],"aerial":[91],"vehicles":[92],"(AVs).":[93],"Particularly,":[94],"investigate":[96],"path":[99,112,182],"which":[103],"refers":[104],"probability":[107],"establishing":[109],"end-to-end":[111],"with":[118],"or":[119],"without":[120],"AV":[121],"relays.":[122],"However,":[123],"such":[124],"investigation":[126],"on":[127,139,167,172],"challenging":[130],"all":[132],"AVs":[135],"are":[136],"approximately":[137],"distributed":[138],"a":[140,162],"spherical":[141,168],"surface":[142],"(instead":[143],"horizontal":[146],"surface),":[147],"resulting":[148],"complexity":[151],"modeling.":[154],"To":[155],"address":[156],"challenge,":[158],"paper":[160],"presents":[161],"new":[163],"approach":[165],"based":[166],"stochastic":[169],"geometry.":[170],"Based":[171],"approach,":[174],"derive":[176],"expression":[179],"Extensive":[186],"simulations":[187],"confirm":[188],"accuracy":[190],"model.":[194]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T14:29:43.386196","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
