{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387448617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790","title":"New Signal and Algorithms for 5G/6G High Precision Train Positioning in Tunnel With Leaky Coaxial Cable","display_name":"New Signal and Algorithms for 5G/6G High Precision Train Positioning in Tunnel With Leaky Coaxial Cable","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387448617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074702375","display_name":"Lu Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4978-8439","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111247602","display_name":"Tianzhu Song","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianzhu Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069951778","display_name":"Qiang Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","display_name":"Lancaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f2nsd36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["InfoLab21, School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-1656","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"InfoLab21, School of Computing and Communications, Lancaster University, Lancaster, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102749423","display_name":"Q. Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-907X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanbin Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5120-907X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067438997","display_name":"Yuan Sun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-189X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuan Sun","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4469-189X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108588800","display_name":"Wei Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenfang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9291,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74595148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"223","last_page":"238"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7969616651535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.6348071098327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.567942202091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranging","display_name":"Ranging","score":0.5485466718673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.46723514795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4493829607963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/positioning-system","display_name":"Positioning system","score":0.43517985939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.3895045816898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3880336284637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.30298513174057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.13058310747146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11860319972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08111533522605896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7969616651535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.6348071098327637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.567942202091217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115051666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6522493","display_name":"Ranging","level":2,"score":0.5485466718673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.46723514795303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4493829607963562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778603505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141406","display_name":"Positioning system","level":3,"score":0.43517985939979553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3895045816898346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3880336284637451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.30298513174057007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.13058310747146606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11860319972038269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08111533522605896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62611344","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062658","display_name":"Node (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3322790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.lancs.ac.uk:208068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401916","display_name":"Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67415387","host_organization_name":"Lancaster University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67415387"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6874792257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L191003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","funder_display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7567317938","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IPOC2023ZT01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326982","funder_display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G920779635","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022YFB2601801","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320326982","display_name":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334977","display_name":"Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2015606938","https://openalex.org/W2087151940","https://openalex.org/W2101417447","https://openalex.org/W2125970998","https://openalex.org/W2142022446","https://openalex.org/W2146118790","https://openalex.org/W2165306199","https://openalex.org/W2185289745","https://openalex.org/W2416239071","https://openalex.org/W2528726455","https://openalex.org/W2534812064","https://openalex.org/W2603257506","https://openalex.org/W2769456309","https://openalex.org/W2792442555","https://openalex.org/W2793382338","https://openalex.org/W2793954811","https://openalex.org/W2908167297","https://openalex.org/W2923338490","https://openalex.org/W2945120942","https://openalex.org/W2963830578","https://openalex.org/W2966494163","https://openalex.org/W2981884823","https://openalex.org/W2990524052","https://openalex.org/W2991954096","https://openalex.org/W3088810634","https://openalex.org/W3094543925","https://openalex.org/W3111750230","https://openalex.org/W4210284846","https://openalex.org/W4211154725","https://openalex.org/W4213298007","https://openalex.org/W4213451485","https://openalex.org/W4214744625","https://openalex.org/W4224240434","https://openalex.org/W4247627973","https://openalex.org/W4308080007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2783354812","https://openalex.org/W4384112194","https://openalex.org/W2103009189","https://openalex.org/W4312958259","https://openalex.org/W4308259661","https://openalex.org/W4390813131","https://openalex.org/W2349383066","https://openalex.org/W4328132048","https://openalex.org/W1969901537","https://openalex.org/W4362564284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"High":[0],"precision":[1],"train":[2],"positioning":[3,43,67,91,128,191,222],"is":[4,32,93,145,165,193,208,223,236],"a":[5,48,76,82,98,140,156],"crucial":[6],"component":[7],"of":[8,23,112,149,230],"intelligent":[9],"transportation":[10],"systems.":[11],"Tunnels":[12],"are":[13],"commonly":[14],"encountered":[15],"in":[16,37,53],"subways":[17],"and":[18,58,69,132,155,170,206,250,267],"mountainous":[19],"regions.":[20],"As":[21],"part":[22],"the":[24,54,65,105,127,134,173,197,200,204,211,218,227,231,239,252,264],"communication":[25],"system":[26],"infrastructure,":[27],"Leaky":[28],"CoaXial":[29],"(LCX)":[30],"Cable":[31],"widely":[33],"equipped":[34],"as":[35,47],"antenna":[36],"tunnels":[38],"with":[39,75],"many":[40],"advantages.":[41],"LCX":[42,66,90,190,207,260],"holds":[44],"great":[45,269],"promise":[46],"technology":[49],"for":[50,137,271],"rail":[51],"applications":[52],"upcoming":[55],"B5G":[56],"(beyond-5G)":[57],"6G":[59],"eras.":[60],"This":[61,114,234],"paper":[62],"focuses":[63],"on":[64],"methodology":[68,262],"proposes":[70],"two":[71],"novel":[72,77,83,141],"algorithms":[73],"along":[74],"communication-positioning":[78,142],"integration":[79,143],"signal.":[80],"Firstly,":[81],"algorithm":[84,92,96,214],"called":[85],"Multiple":[86,178],"Slot":[87],"Distinction":[88],"(MSD)":[89],"proposed.":[94],"The":[95],"utilizes":[97],"generated":[99],"pseudo":[100],"spectrum":[101],"to":[102,121,130,167,182,186],"fully":[103],"utilize":[104],"coupled":[106],"signals":[107],"radiated":[108],"from":[109],"different":[110],"slots":[111,249],"LCX.":[113],"approach":[115],"offers":[116],"higher":[117],"time":[118],"resolution":[119],"compared":[120],"traditional":[122,150],"methods.":[123],"To":[124],"further":[125],"improve":[126],"accuracy":[129],"centimeter-level":[131,221],"increase":[133],"measuring":[135],"frequency":[136],"fast":[138],"trains,":[139],"signal":[144,175],"designed.":[146],"It":[147],"consists":[148],"Positioning":[151],"Reference":[152],"Signal":[153,162],"(PRS)":[154],"significantly":[157],"low":[158],"power":[159],"Fine":[160],"Ranging":[161],"(FRS).":[163],"FRS":[164],"configured":[166],"be":[168],"continuous":[169,232],"superposed":[171],"onto":[172],"cellular":[174],"using":[176,215],"Non-Orthogonal":[177],"Access":[179],"(NOMA)":[180],"principle":[181],"minimize":[183],"its":[184],"interference":[185,246],"communication.":[187],"A":[188],"two-stage":[189],"method":[192],"then":[194],"executed:":[195],"At":[196,217],"first":[198],"stage,":[199,220],"closest":[201,240],"slot":[202,241],"between":[203,247],"receiver":[205],"estimated":[209],"by":[210,225,238],"proposed":[212,259],"MSD":[213],"PRS;":[216],"second":[219],"achieved":[224],"tracking":[226],"carrier":[228],"phase":[229],"FRS.":[233],"process":[235],"assisted":[237],"estimation,":[242],"which":[243],"helps":[244],"mitigate":[245],"neighboring":[248],"eliminate":[251],"integer":[253],"ambiguities.":[254],"Simulation":[255],"results":[256],"show":[257],"our":[258],"position":[261],"outperforms":[263],"existing":[265],"ones":[266],"offer":[268],"potentials":[270],"future":[272],"implementations.":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}