{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4378697092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982","title":"Channel Access Optimization in Unlicensed Spectrum for Downlink URLLC: Centralized and Federated DRL Approaches","display_name":"Channel Access Optimization in Unlicensed Spectrum for Downlink URLLC: Centralized and Federated DRL Approaches","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4378697092","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069227720","display_name":"Liu Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2339-2161"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031425629","display_name":"Hui Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0745-3235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hui Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technology Company Ltd, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technology Company Ltd, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009213856","display_name":"Yansha Deng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1001-7036"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119896","display_name":"King's College School","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbqcn27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yansha Deng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, King’s College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210119896"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002265731","display_name":"Arumugam Nallanathan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8337-5884"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arumugam Nallanathan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Engineering and Computer Science, Queen Mary University of London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069227720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2732,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88362351,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"7","first_page":"2208","last_page":"2222"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11158","display_name":"Wireless Networks and Protocols","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8138939738273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectrum-management","display_name":"Spectrum management","score":0.7700362801551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6679903864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.615836501121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6096727848052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-radio","display_name":"Cognitive radio","score":0.4938143193721771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.42392444610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.42245927453041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3940950632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3169008493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.17756658792495728}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8138939738273621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63029442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504978","display_name":"Spectrum management","level":4,"score":0.7700362801551819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6679903864860535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.615836501121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6096727848052979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.4938143193721771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.42392444610595703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.42245927453041077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3940950632095337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3169008493423462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.17756658792495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3280982","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/98085","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/98085","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1259514249","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/W004348/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1695083617","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22120230262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G198217626","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"10061781","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5635460702","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/R006466/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8828761625","display_name":"Smart Solutions Towards Cellular-Connected Unmanned Aerial Vehicles System (AUTONOMY)","funder_award_id":"EP/W004348/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579369571","https://openalex.org/W2119990492","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2155968351","https://openalex.org/W2462784749","https://openalex.org/W2612609543","https://openalex.org/W2745832474","https://openalex.org/W2746553466","https://openalex.org/W2777474519","https://openalex.org/W2803370496","https://openalex.org/W2885193062","https://openalex.org/W2901436587","https://openalex.org/W2916831434","https://openalex.org/W2947767399","https://openalex.org/W2956778889","https://openalex.org/W2965633914","https://openalex.org/W2969435873","https://openalex.org/W2981665798","https://openalex.org/W2994691881","https://openalex.org/W2995415632","https://openalex.org/W3005116230","https://openalex.org/W3005761304","https://openalex.org/W3013745173","https://openalex.org/W3024604412","https://openalex.org/W3048620771","https://openalex.org/W3114093483","https://openalex.org/W3123086511","https://openalex.org/W3123582921","https://openalex.org/W3156448101","https://openalex.org/W3212658751","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4225742878","https://openalex.org/W4280569779","https://openalex.org/W4280596061","https://openalex.org/W4280654460","https://openalex.org/W4315630079","https://openalex.org/W4318619660","https://openalex.org/W6728757088"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2786459840","https://openalex.org/W2545213287","https://openalex.org/W2336181987","https://openalex.org/W2054719951","https://openalex.org/W4389477274","https://openalex.org/W2963570985","https://openalex.org/W3089664461","https://openalex.org/W1976405282","https://openalex.org/W1157983132","https://openalex.org/W2392764151"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"sixth-generation":[1],"(6G)":[2],"communication":[3,14],"research":[4],"is":[5,16,79,96],"currently":[6],"in":[7,22,64,76,106,133],"the":[8,23,61,129,157,160,165,170,173,178,181,186,196],"early":[9],"stage,":[10],"where":[11],"ultra-reliable":[12],"low-latency":[13],"(URLLC)":[15],"still":[17],"an":[18],"important":[19],"service":[20],"as":[21],"fifth-generation":[24],"(5G).":[25],"Since":[26],"6G":[27,108],"networks":[28,78],"are":[29],"expected":[30],"to":[31,72,83,98,103,127],"provide":[32],"even":[33],"higher":[34],"levels":[35],"of":[36,159,172,180,198],"massive":[37],"connectivity,":[38],"high":[39,42],"spectrum":[40,56,66],"efficiency,":[41],"reliability,":[43],"and":[44,85,121,135,152],"low":[45],"latency":[46],"than":[47],"5G":[48],"communication,":[49],"it":[50,95],"would":[51],"confront":[52],"much":[53],"more":[54],"severe":[55],"scarcity":[57],"problems,":[58],"which":[59],"make":[60],"new":[62],"radio":[63,89],"unlicensed":[65],"(NR-U)":[67],"technology":[68],"attractive.":[69],"However,":[70],"how":[71],"achieve":[73],"URLLC":[74,105,131],"requirements":[75],"NR-U":[77,134,161,187],"extremely":[80],"challenging":[81],"due":[82],"interference":[84],"collisions":[86],"among":[87],"multiple":[88],"access":[90],"technologies":[91],"(e.g.,":[92],"WiFi).":[93],"Therefore,":[94],"urgent":[97],"design":[99],"efficient":[100],"spectrum-sharing":[101],"algorithms":[102],"support":[104],"emerging":[107],"networks.":[109],"In":[110],"this":[111],"paper,":[112],"we":[113,189],"develop":[114],"novel":[115],"centralized":[116],"deep":[117],"reinforcement":[118],"learning":[119],"(CDRL)":[120],"federated":[122],"DRL":[123],"(FDRL)":[124],"frameworks,":[125],"respectively,":[126],"optimize":[128],"downlink":[130],"transmission":[132],"WiFi":[136,174,182],"coexistence":[137],"systems":[138],"through":[139],"dynamically":[140],"adjusting":[141],"energy":[142],"detection":[143],"(ED)":[144],"thresholds.":[145],"Our":[146],"results":[147],"show":[148],"that":[149],"both":[150],"CDRL":[151,166],"FDRL":[153],"approaches":[154],"have":[155],"improved":[156],"reliability":[158,171,179],"system":[162,183],"significantly,":[163],"but":[164],"framework":[167],"has":[168],"sacrificed":[169],"system.":[175],"To":[176],"guarantee":[177],"while":[184],"improving":[185],"system,":[188],"take":[190],"fairness":[191],"into":[192],"account":[193],"by":[194],"redesigning":[195],"reward":[197],"CDRL.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}