{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4375928951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705","title":"Enabling Proportionally-Fair Mobility Management With Reinforcement Learning in 5G Networks","display_name":"Enabling Proportionally-Fair Mobility Management With Reinforcement Learning in 5G Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4375928951","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078816805","display_name":"Anna Prado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6501-7933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anna Prado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021954438","display_name":"Franziska St\u00f6ckeler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1013-9603"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Franziska St\u00f6ckeler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008831322","display_name":"Fidan Mehmeti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9458-3256"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fidan Mehmeti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108316535","display_name":"Patrick L. Kramer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8589-1540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick Kr\u00e4mer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021781616","display_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-8038"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","display_name":"Technical University of Munich","ror":"https://ror.org/02kkvpp62","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wolfgang Kellerer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chair of Communication Networks, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078816805"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.7672,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93892922,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"6","first_page":"1845","last_page":"1858"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.9005815982818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handover","display_name":"Handover","score":0.8833217620849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.8391677737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7193974852561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5842264294624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-management","display_name":"Mobility management","score":0.503065288066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base","display_name":"Base (topology)","score":0.4596526026725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-and-lower-bounds","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","score":0.42169812321662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.22043094038963318}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.9005815982818604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111852164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414679","display_name":"Handover","level":2,"score":0.8833217620849609},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.8391677737236023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7193974852561951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5842264294624329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778555145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4476379","display_name":"Mobility management","level":2,"score":0.503065288066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42058472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q810214","display_name":"Base (topology)","level":2,"score":0.4596526026725769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.42169812321662903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.22043094038963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2023.3273705","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:mediatum.ub.tum.de:node/1706166","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://mediatum.ub.tum.de/1706166","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196330","display_name":"mediaTUM  (Technical University of Munich)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I62916508","host_organization_name":"Technical University of Munich","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I62916508"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W206679605","https://openalex.org/W586995468","https://openalex.org/W1988622494","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2084175025","https://openalex.org/W2811374584","https://openalex.org/W2886115176","https://openalex.org/W2929287013","https://openalex.org/W2955338161","https://openalex.org/W2964005248","https://openalex.org/W2998234347","https://openalex.org/W3003257820","https://openalex.org/W3005761304","https://openalex.org/W3015217037","https://openalex.org/W3093649854","https://openalex.org/W3094428477","https://openalex.org/W3106987900","https://openalex.org/W3123582921","https://openalex.org/W3135866968","https://openalex.org/W3156295478","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4241768805","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4296180618","https://openalex.org/W4298857966","https://openalex.org/W4306763688","https://openalex.org/W4308610348","https://openalex.org/W4327768017","https://openalex.org/W4376480611","https://openalex.org/W6637967152","https://openalex.org/W6752963931","https://openalex.org/W6754198360"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2078003942","https://openalex.org/W2081505856","https://openalex.org/W2155806497","https://openalex.org/W2395800181","https://openalex.org/W2035117624","https://openalex.org/W2120453723","https://openalex.org/W2358912731","https://openalex.org/W1553575397","https://openalex.org/W3013887189","https://openalex.org/W2549230952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mobility":[0],"management":[1],"in":[2,23,47,69,166],"5G":[3,48],"is":[4,15,64,95,100],"challenging,":[5],"and":[6,34,74,89,105,123,148,159,170,193],"at":[7],"higher":[8],"frequencies,":[9],"a":[10,93,121,124],"larger":[11],"number":[12],"of":[13,145,168,178],"cells":[14],"needed":[16,46],"to":[17,21,49,65,75,87,90,96,116,191],"provide":[18],"similar":[19],"coverage":[20],"that":[22,161],"4G.":[24],"Consequently,":[25],"Base":[26],"Stations":[27],"(BSs)":[28],"are":[29,45],"placed":[30],"much":[31],"more":[32],"densely":[33],"users":[35,73,149],"experience":[36],"frequent":[37],"handovers,":[38],"reducing":[39],"network":[40,52],"capacity.":[41],"Advanced":[42],"handover":[43,88,187],"techniques":[44],"perform":[50],"smooth":[51],"operation.":[53],"In":[54],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,81,109,119],"formulate":[58],"an":[59,101,111],"optimization":[60],"problem,":[61],"whose":[62],"goal":[63],"strive":[66],"for":[67,143],"fairness":[68,169],"data":[70],"rates":[71],"among":[72],"reduce":[76,185],"handovers.":[77],"To":[78],"accomplish":[79],"that,":[80],"consider":[82],"jointly":[83],"the":[84,179,186],"decisions":[85],"when":[86],"which":[91,131],"BS":[92],"user":[94],"be":[97],"assigned.":[98],"This":[99],"integer":[102],"nonlinear":[103],"program,":[104],"by":[106,189],"relaxing":[107],"it,":[108],"obtain":[110],"upper":[112],"bound.":[113],"Further,":[114],"due":[115],"its":[117],"NP-hardness,":[118],"propose":[120],"centralized":[122],"multi-agent":[125],"Deep":[126],"Q":[127],"Network":[128],"(DQN)-based":[129],"algorithm,":[130],"both":[132],"find":[133],"near-optimal":[134],"user-to-BS":[135],"assignments.":[136],"We":[137,153],"evaluate":[138],"our":[139,155],"Reinforcement":[140],"Learning-based":[141],"solutions":[142],"networks":[144],"different":[146,151],"sizes":[147],"with":[150,157],"velocities.":[152],"compare":[154],"approaches":[156],"baselines":[158],"show":[160],"they":[162],"outperform":[163],"them":[164],"considerably":[165],"terms":[167],"radio":[171],"link":[172],"failures":[173],"while":[174],"being":[175],"within":[176],"95%":[177],"optimum.":[180],"Our":[181],"DQN":[182],"algorithms":[183],"also":[184],"rate":[188],"up":[190],"93%":[192],"avoid":[194],"ping-pong":[195],"handovers":[196],"almost":[197],"completely.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}