{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310049486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358","title":"Blockchain-Empowered Collaborative Task Offloading for Cloud-Edge-Device Computing","display_name":"Blockchain-Empowered Collaborative Task Offloading for Cloud-Edge-Device Computing","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310049486","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034995427","display_name":"Su Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5165-2787"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Su Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101730758","display_name":"Mu Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-911X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mu Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1147-911X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010974487","display_name":"Qiang Qu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5814-8460"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qiang Qu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Laboratory, Huawei Cloud Tech Company, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Laboratory, Huawei Cloud Tech Company, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100352956","display_name":"Ziyi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1728-2588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2250955327","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00cmhce21","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziyi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Blockchain Laboratory, Huawei Cloud Tech Company, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Blockchain Laboratory, Huawei Cloud Tech Company, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100347975","display_name":"Yifeng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7079-879X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Feng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028336417","display_name":"Ke Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6791-6393"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ke Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100771111","display_name":"Mingwei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4847-4585"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingwei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology (BNRist), Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhongguancun Laboratory, Beijing, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.1332,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99420774,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"12","first_page":"3485","last_page":"3500"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8834431767463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.7693822383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.6583726406097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.6257843375205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6055225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.582920491695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation-offloading","display_name":"Computation offloading","score":0.5493990778923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/edge-computing","display_name":"Edge computing","score":0.5168429017066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.5041896104812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enhanced-data-rates-for-gsm-evolution","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","score":0.44243818521499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-edge-computing","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","score":0.4327770471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","score":0.43201377987861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4306511878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.4285017251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41608375310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.13421672582626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11007469892501831}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8834431767463684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.7693822383880615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.6583726406097412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.6257843375205994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6055225133895874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.582920491695404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781041963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18348618","display_name":"Computation offloading","level":4,"score":0.5493990778923035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778456923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5337692","display_name":"Edge computing","level":3,"score":0.5168429017066956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.5041896104812622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162307627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q204833","display_name":"Enhanced Data Rates for GSM Evolution","level":2,"score":0.44243818521499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776061582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25325231","display_name":"Mobile edge computing","level":3,"score":0.4327770471572876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206345919","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20380951","display_name":"Resource (disambiguation)","level":2,"score":0.43201377987861633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4306511878967285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.4285017251968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41608375310897827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.13421672582626343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11007469892501831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213358","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2684640759","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101301","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G314527434","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CCF-HuaweiBC2021005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316084","funder_display_name":"China Computer Federation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3200295808","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61825204","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","funder_display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3423709866","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u7684\u7269\u8054\u7f51\u5b89\u5168\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61932016","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5043986741","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M691787","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7033924410","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132009","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7155321176","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62132011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316084","display_name":"China Computer Federation","ror":"https://ror.org/015xj5w40"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334953","display_name":"China National Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists","ror":"https://ror.org/01pab2602"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126087831","https://openalex.org/W2155027007","https://openalex.org/W2609673756","https://openalex.org/W2760974835","https://openalex.org/W2889683549","https://openalex.org/W2916693941","https://openalex.org/W2950920210","https://openalex.org/W2963318081","https://openalex.org/W2963334314","https://openalex.org/W2964098968","https://openalex.org/W2976382054","https://openalex.org/W2982326826","https://openalex.org/W2984693664","https://openalex.org/W2991046523","https://openalex.org/W2997558642","https://openalex.org/W3000872410","https://openalex.org/W3014499838","https://openalex.org/W3030218575","https://openalex.org/W3034788315","https://openalex.org/W3042070225","https://openalex.org/W3047034512","https://openalex.org/W3095323142","https://openalex.org/W3097472721","https://openalex.org/W3105504538","https://openalex.org/W3112164530","https://openalex.org/W3114967563","https://openalex.org/W3115015728","https://openalex.org/W3127210287","https://openalex.org/W3137932838","https://openalex.org/W3144235125","https://openalex.org/W3151748982","https://openalex.org/W3183945916","https://openalex.org/W3189627679","https://openalex.org/W3199430739","https://openalex.org/W4301852635","https://openalex.org/W6678832241","https://openalex.org/W6683204974","https://openalex.org/W6754199392"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4200420173","https://openalex.org/W4225987626","https://openalex.org/W3120617837","https://openalex.org/W3127808443","https://openalex.org/W2916011811","https://openalex.org/W3034137700","https://openalex.org/W4362496467","https://openalex.org/W2896883851","https://openalex.org/W2917127270","https://openalex.org/W3185499500"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"How":[0],"to":[1,16,102,136,141,179,188],"enable":[2],"high-performance":[3],"task":[4,58,77,109,211],"offloading":[5,59,110,118,156,166,212],"and":[6,27,39,44,83,128,145,159,185,213],"preserve":[7],"the":[8,17,23,33,71,87,90,95,100,108,117,122,129,148,155,161,165,169],"trust":[9],"between":[10],"participants":[11,35,101],"is":[12],"imperative":[13],"yet":[14],"nontrivial":[15],"Cloud-Edge-Device":[18],"(CED)":[19],"computing,":[20],"mainly":[21],"because":[22],"resources":[24],"are":[25,36],"geo-distributed":[26],"operated":[28],"by":[29,93,120,153,193],"different":[30],"parties.":[31],"Also,":[32],"CED":[34,53,61],"highly":[37],"dynamic":[38],"heterogeneous":[40],"in":[41,47,70,183,197,210],"resource":[42,81,181],"provision":[43],"may":[45],"conflict":[46],"interest.":[48],"This":[49],"paper":[50],"proposes":[51],"BlockChain-empowered":[52],"(BC-CED),":[54],"a":[55,67,175,198,207],"blockchain-empowered":[56],"collaborative":[57],"for":[60,147],"computing.":[62],"In":[63],"BC-CED,":[64],"blockchain":[65,96,200,214],"plays":[66],"central":[68],"role":[69],"main":[72],"functionality":[73],"of":[74,80,125,150],"CED,":[75],"including":[76],"offloading,":[78],"brokerage":[79],"usage,":[82],"incentives.":[84],"We":[85,172],"distinguish":[86],"BC-CED":[88,132,184,205],"from":[89],"existing":[91],"solutions":[92,196],"modifying":[94],"consensus":[97],"process,":[98],"enabling":[99],"reach":[103],"an":[104],"agreement":[105],"via":[106],"solving":[107],"problem.":[111],"For":[112],"this":[113,143],"purpose,":[114],"we":[115],"formulate":[116],"problem":[119,144],"considering":[121],"computation":[123],"capabilities":[124],"candidate":[126],"nodes":[127],"network":[130],"performance.":[131],"allows":[133],"each":[134],"participant":[135],"apply":[137],"reinforcement":[138],"learning-based":[139],"methods":[140],"solve":[142],"compete":[146],"right":[149],"block":[151],"output":[152],"comparing":[154],"policy":[157,163],"performance":[158,209],"accepting":[160],"best":[162],"as":[164],"scheme":[167],"within":[168],"next":[170],"period.":[171],"also":[173],"propose":[174],"truthful":[176],"incentive":[177],"mechanism":[178],"encourage":[180],"contributions":[182],"force":[186],"them":[187],"be":[189],"honest.":[190],"Extensive":[191],"tests":[192],"implementing":[194],"our":[195],"commercialized":[199],"platform":[201],"have":[202],"shown":[203],"how":[204],"achieves":[206],"superior":[208],"maintenance.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
