{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310055708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341","title":"FRUIT: A Blockchain-Based Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Quality-Aware Incentive Scheme","display_name":"FRUIT: A Blockchain-Based Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Quality-Aware Incentive Scheme","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310055708","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100380072","display_name":"Chuan Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-8540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chuan Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7684-8540","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015277898","display_name":"Mingyang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9854-2697"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingyang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100634361","display_name":"Liehuang Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liehuang Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3277-3887","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076675337","display_name":"Weiting Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-4883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiting Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2626-4883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024956998","display_name":"Tong Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-527X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5164-527X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyberspace Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033931001","display_name":"Jianbing Ni","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jianbing Ni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5639-0883","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Queen’s University, Kingston, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.7793,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":84,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99599872,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"12","first_page":"3343","last_page":"3357"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11704","display_name":"Mobile Crowdsensing and Crowdsourcing","score":0.9879000186920166,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8553744554519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6480402946472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smart-contract","display_name":"Smart contract","score":0.6179190874099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.561639130115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.5391569137573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/security-analysis","display_name":"Security analysis","score":0.44319114089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4426548480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.4326012432575226}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8553744554519653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6480402946472168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779950589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7544035","display_name":"Smart contract","level":3,"score":0.6179190874099731},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.561639130115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.5391569137573242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38369872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445009","display_name":"Security analysis","level":2,"score":0.44319114089012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4426548480987549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.4326012432575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1129519853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62102027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3382174471","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB2700503","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3549477485","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BX20220029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3830888734","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021TQ0042","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4110199667","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021TQ0041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G422805606","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022M710007","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4376067305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021M700435","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","funder_display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4407196569","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62202051","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6133125225","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321543","display_name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/0426zh255"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":57,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1541280084","https://openalex.org/W2074050720","https://openalex.org/W2086413055","https://openalex.org/W2116055298","https://openalex.org/W2120826095","https://openalex.org/W2144336625","https://openalex.org/W2345285933","https://openalex.org/W2346365475","https://openalex.org/W2474250966","https://openalex.org/W2517744317","https://openalex.org/W2535937672","https://openalex.org/W2585226541","https://openalex.org/W2588775603","https://openalex.org/W2593133890","https://openalex.org/W2612206112","https://openalex.org/W2734245281","https://openalex.org/W2743636256","https://openalex.org/W2754935323","https://openalex.org/W2764032921","https://openalex.org/W2791307302","https://openalex.org/W2793722525","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2808472310","https://openalex.org/W2885935450","https://openalex.org/W2889277984","https://openalex.org/W2890103652","https://openalex.org/W2900831480","https://openalex.org/W2901556011","https://openalex.org/W2921057031","https://openalex.org/W2947538082","https://openalex.org/W2980346866","https://openalex.org/W2982162079","https://openalex.org/W2984693664","https://openalex.org/W2985260998","https://openalex.org/W2996333964","https://openalex.org/W2998192614","https://openalex.org/W3004153124","https://openalex.org/W3014297757","https://openalex.org/W3091826401","https://openalex.org/W3102944677","https://openalex.org/W3110381504","https://openalex.org/W3129801349","https://openalex.org/W3136338303","https://openalex.org/W3139010521","https://openalex.org/W3149239394","https://openalex.org/W3161684906","https://openalex.org/W3167877708","https://openalex.org/W3178621576","https://openalex.org/W3187627933","https://openalex.org/W3205260830","https://openalex.org/W3210327198","https://openalex.org/W3213394956","https://openalex.org/W4205597275","https://openalex.org/W4210818618","https://openalex.org/W6754199392","https://openalex.org/W6762779207","https://openalex.org/W6768935028"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206573979","https://openalex.org/W3004179838","https://openalex.org/W3021375942","https://openalex.org/W4294001998","https://openalex.org/W3087739312","https://openalex.org/W2890999343","https://openalex.org/W3096305091","https://openalex.org/W2974298552","https://openalex.org/W3214573662","https://openalex.org/W2946173424"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Incentive":[0],"plays":[1],"an":[2,120],"important":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,28,42,127,142,230],"knowledge":[6,124],"discovery,":[7],"as":[8],"it":[9],"impels":[10],"users":[11],"to":[12,118,129,151,184],"provide":[13],"high-quality":[14],"knowledge.":[15,137],"To":[16,138],"promise":[17,139],"incentive":[18,29,45,144,182],"schemes":[19],"with":[20,91],"transparency,":[21],"blockchain":[22],"technology":[23],"has":[24,224],"been":[25],"widely":[26],"used":[27],"schemes.":[30,46],"Currently,":[31],"privacy,":[32,68],"reliability,":[33,69],"streamlined":[34,70],"processing,":[35,71],"and":[36,55,72,94,105,115,122,135,203,215,227,237],"quality":[37,73,134,161,191],"awareness":[38,74],"are":[39,206],"major":[40],"challenges":[41],"designing":[43],"blockchain-based":[44,53],"In":[47],"this":[48],"paper,":[49],"we":[50,80,109,146,171,198],"design":[51,81],"a":[52,82,95,194],"eFficient":[54],"pRivacy-preserving":[56],"qUality-aware":[57],"IncenTive":[58],"scheme":[59,183],"called":[60],"FRUIT.":[61],"With":[62],"well-designed":[63],"smart":[64],"contracts,":[65],"FRUIT":[66,223],"achieves":[67],"during":[75,209],"the":[76,101,132,143,148,153,159,164,168,174,178,181,189,210],"whole":[77,211],"procedure.":[78],"Specifically,":[79],"novel":[83],"lightweight":[84,113],"encryption":[85,114],"method":[86],"by":[87,162],"combining":[88],"matrix":[89],"decomposition":[90],"proxy":[92],"re-encryption":[93],"privacy-preserving":[96,123],"task":[97,116,204],"allocation":[98,117],"based":[99,157,187],"on":[100,158,167,177,188,218],"polynomial":[102],"fitting":[103],"function":[104],"hash":[106],"function.":[107],"Then,":[108],"leverage":[110],"our":[111],"proposed":[112],"build":[119],"efficient":[121],"discovery":[125],"protocol":[126],"order":[128],"securely":[130],"calculate":[131],"data":[133,160,190,201],"truthful":[136],"user":[140],"reliability":[141],"scheme,":[145],"utilize":[147],"Dirichlet":[149],"distribution":[150],"realize":[152],"automatic":[154],"reputation":[155,165],"prediction":[156],"deploying":[163],"management":[166,176],"blockchain.":[169],"Moreover,":[170],"also":[172],"deploy":[173],"payment":[175],"blockchain,":[179],"endowing":[180],"reward":[185],"participants":[186],"automatically.":[192],"Through":[193],"detailed":[195],"security":[196],"analysis,":[197],"demonstrate":[199,221],"that":[200,222],"privacy":[202,205],"well":[207],"preserved":[208],"process.":[212],"Theoretical":[213],"analysis":[214],"extensive":[216],"experiments":[217],"real-world":[219],"datasets":[220],"acceptable":[225],"efficiency":[226],"affordable":[228],"performance":[229],"terms":[231],"of":[232],"computation":[233],"cost,":[234],"communication":[235],"overhead,":[236],"gas":[238],"consumption.":[239]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}