{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4310049137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324","title":"Blockchain Based Offloading Strategy: Incentive, Effectiveness and Security","display_name":"Blockchain Based Offloading Strategy: Incentive, Effectiveness and Security","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-10-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4310049137","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090263302","display_name":"Weikang Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1630-5015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Weikang Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000734023","display_name":"Bin Cao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-243X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bin Cao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Laboratory, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060203564","display_name":"Mugen Peng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4755-7231"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mugen Peng","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Networking and Switching Technology, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090263302"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2894,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97644445,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"12","first_page":"3533","last_page":"3546"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10270","display_name":"Blockchain Technology Applications and Security","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10273","display_name":"IoT and Edge/Fog Computing","score":0.9887999892234802,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13038","display_name":"Internet of Things and AI","score":0.9520999789237976,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8464934825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blockchain","display_name":"Blockchain","score":0.750113844871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.6600754261016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4501306414604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4377462863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33123552799224854}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8464934825897217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779687700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q20514253","display_name":"Blockchain","level":2,"score":0.750113844871521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.6600754261016846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4501306414604187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4377462863922119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33123552799224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3213324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2661725412","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1806700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4048104258","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB1714100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4351780340","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6371721565","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61925101","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":38,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2103863878","https://openalex.org/W2133079892","https://openalex.org/W2164271287","https://openalex.org/W2219152866","https://openalex.org/W2281208003","https://openalex.org/W2523107186","https://openalex.org/W2751904527","https://openalex.org/W2752685521","https://openalex.org/W2761164110","https://openalex.org/W2771747728","https://openalex.org/W2793291994","https://openalex.org/W2797816609","https://openalex.org/W2888442703","https://openalex.org/W2905357302","https://openalex.org/W2909316670","https://openalex.org/W2921456883","https://openalex.org/W2922081827","https://openalex.org/W2924387646","https://openalex.org/W2945287947","https://openalex.org/W2947690458","https://openalex.org/W2947825277","https://openalex.org/W2963209633","https://openalex.org/W2963517786","https://openalex.org/W2963684920","https://openalex.org/W2964262836","https://openalex.org/W2971569867","https://openalex.org/W3003854079","https://openalex.org/W3011808952","https://openalex.org/W3081084450","https://openalex.org/W3082230639","https://openalex.org/W3101098008","https://openalex.org/W3105376410","https://openalex.org/W3124404715","https://openalex.org/W4248175462","https://openalex.org/W4293649164","https://openalex.org/W4302377426","https://openalex.org/W6635294131","https://openalex.org/W6685807058"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210406818","https://openalex.org/W4306779889","https://openalex.org/W3048554917","https://openalex.org/W3211706803","https://openalex.org/W4382775358","https://openalex.org/W4246942721","https://openalex.org/W3209862047","https://openalex.org/W4386732777","https://openalex.org/W4304136894","https://openalex.org/W2989851257"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"securely":[1],"integrate":[2],"Mobile":[3],"Edge":[4],"Computing":[5],"(MEC)":[6],"into":[7],"Wireless":[8],"Blockchain":[9],"Network":[10],"(WBN),":[11],"this":[12,128],"paper":[13],"proposes":[14],"a":[15,34,44,85,121],"framework":[16],"for":[17,51,194],"blockchain":[18,23,28,31,52,68,71,95,103,116],"based":[19,134],"offloading":[20],"strategy,":[21],"where":[22],"nodes":[24],"are":[25,146,192],"categorized":[26],"as":[27,198],"users":[29,69,96,117],"and":[30,70,97,118,142,161,179,186,189],"miners":[32],"from":[33],"motivation":[35,42],"perspective.":[36],"Particularly,":[37],"aiming":[38],"at":[39],"improving":[40],"the":[41,64,88,98,112,115,136,153,165,177,182,195],"ability,":[43],"block":[45],"generation":[46],"process":[47],"is":[48,76,108,124],"first":[49],"designed":[50,125],"miners\u2019":[53],"short":[54],"transaction":[55,90,99],"processing":[56],"time":[57],"lower":[58],"bound.":[59],"Then,":[60],"to":[61,78,110,126,148,175],"further":[62,196],"maximize":[63],"utilities":[65],"of":[66,158,181],"both":[67],"miners,":[72],"an":[73,80,131],"optimization":[74],"problem":[75],"formulated":[77],"determine":[79],"optimal":[81],"strategy":[82,129,185],"which":[83],"involves":[84],"trade-off":[86],"between":[87,114],"fast":[89],"confirmation":[91,159],"rate":[92],"required":[93],"by":[94,102],"fees":[100],"obtained":[101],"miners.":[104,119],"A":[105],"Stackelberg":[106],"game":[107],"introduced":[109],"model":[111],"interaction":[113],"Meanwhile,":[120],"distributed":[122],"algorithm":[123],"converge":[127],"in":[130,156],"iterative":[132],"manner":[133],"on":[135,152],"buyer-seller":[137],"negotiation.":[138],"Additionally,":[139],"double-spending":[140],"attack":[141,145],"selfish":[143],"mining":[144],"analysed":[147],"examine":[149],"their":[150],"impact":[151],"system":[154],"performance":[155],"terms":[157],"delay":[160],"throughput":[162],"while":[163],"guaranteeing":[164],"high":[166],"security":[167],"level.":[168],"Finally,":[169],"extensive":[170],"experiments":[171],"have":[172],"been":[173],"conducted":[174],"show":[176],"rightness":[178],"effectiveness":[180],"proposed":[183],"equilibrium-based":[184],"mathematical":[187],"analysis,":[188],"some":[190],"insights":[191],"discussed":[193],"guide":[197],"well.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}