{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221142974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088","title":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM for High-Speed Train Communications","display_name":"Cell-Free Massive MIMO-OFDM for High-Speed Train Communications","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-08-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221142974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059072298","display_name":"Jiakang Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2241-3829"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiakang Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612301","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bjornson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Kista, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081827896","display_name":"Zhetao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7804-0286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4610292","display_name":"Xiangtan University","ror":"https://ror.org/00xsfaz62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhetao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Network and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hunan International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Intelligent Network and the Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing and Information Processing of Ministry of Education, Xiangtan University, Hunan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4610292"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100620739","display_name":"Bo Ai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6850-0595"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I38877650","display_name":"Zhengzhou University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ypx8c21","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136793","display_name":"Peng Cheng Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03qdqbt06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bo Ai","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety and Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","Research Center of Networks and Communications, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety and Frontiers Science Center for Smart High-Speed Railway System, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Henan Joint International Research Laboratory of Intelligent Networking and Data Analysis, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I38877650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center of Networks and Communications, Peng Cheng Laboratory, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136793"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059072298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.8238,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":87,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98238879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"10","first_page":"2823","last_page":"2839"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7973527312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7360864877700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7331749200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.6651389598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.6360478401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5390825271606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5384822487831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43224430084228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.40609076619148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3543804883956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11454740166664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.08488890528678894}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7973527312278748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7360864877700806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7331749200820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.6651389598846436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.6360478401184082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5390825271606445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5384822487831116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43224430084228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.40609076619148254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3543804883956909},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11454740166664124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.08488890528678894}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3196088","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.49000000953674316,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1807731908","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20212002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3561954627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020YFB1807201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4105397161","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L202013","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4694313481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6771436268","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FFL18-0277","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","funder_display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7098293587","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"SY2021G001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316125","funder_display_name":"China Railway"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7309927977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021YFB3101200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8718608543","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62032020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316125","display_name":"China Railway","ror":"https://ror.org/044wv3489"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320940","display_name":"Stiftelsen f\u00f6r\u00a0Strategisk Forskning","ror":"https://ror.org/044wr7g58"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1858601667","https://openalex.org/W1975874955","https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2000445139","https://openalex.org/W2015286638","https://openalex.org/W2037986567","https://openalex.org/W2093645013","https://openalex.org/W2132305759","https://openalex.org/W2261127636","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2406520110","https://openalex.org/W2463672542","https://openalex.org/W2467486418","https://openalex.org/W2508720818","https://openalex.org/W2584078971","https://openalex.org/W2607085707","https://openalex.org/W2770606349","https://openalex.org/W2772761202","https://openalex.org/W2907412207","https://openalex.org/W2964042011","https://openalex.org/W2964181991","https://openalex.org/W2965123227","https://openalex.org/W2974046131","https://openalex.org/W2975323748","https://openalex.org/W2984884920","https://openalex.org/W3007483350","https://openalex.org/W3010067702","https://openalex.org/W3029554135","https://openalex.org/W3034448035","https://openalex.org/W3080932450","https://openalex.org/W3088720391","https://openalex.org/W3101570866","https://openalex.org/W3128549410","https://openalex.org/W3153831106","https://openalex.org/W3158898476","https://openalex.org/W3168845447","https://openalex.org/W3169591209","https://openalex.org/W3171146543","https://openalex.org/W3174518893","https://openalex.org/W3183789091","https://openalex.org/W3211189031","https://openalex.org/W4205751049","https://openalex.org/W4205929200","https://openalex.org/W4290996551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3118536199","https://openalex.org/W2366188968","https://openalex.org/W2161378541","https://openalex.org/W2159772567","https://openalex.org/W3168365631","https://openalex.org/W3016860855","https://openalex.org/W2601693592","https://openalex.org/W2188042986","https://openalex.org/W2539022530","https://openalex.org/W2187587942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cell-free":[0],"(CF)":[1],"massive":[2,69,143,158,179],"multiple-input":[3],"multiple-output":[4],"(MIMO)":[5],"systems":[6,56,71,145],"show":[7],"great":[8,24],"potentials":[9],"in":[10,34,84,148,187],"low-mobility":[11],"scenarios,":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,30,45,197],"cell":[15,140],"boundary":[16],"disappearance":[17],"and":[18,57,76,100,141,164,190],"strong":[19],"macro":[20],"diversity.":[21],"However,":[22],"the":[23,65,88,94,101,156,169,173,199,205,208],"Doppler":[25],"frequency":[26,36],"offset":[27],"(DFO)":[28],"leads":[29],"serious":[31],"inter-carrier":[32],"interference":[33],"orthogonal":[35],"division":[37],"multiplexing":[38],"(OFDM)":[39],"technology,":[40],"which":[41],"makes":[42],"it":[43],"difficult":[44],"provide":[46],"high-quality":[47],"transmissions":[48],"for":[49,112,184,203],"both":[50,73],"high-speed":[51],"train":[52,174],"(HST)":[53],"operation":[54],"control":[55,193],"passengers.":[58],"In":[59,134],"this":[60],"paper,":[61],"we":[62],"focus":[63],"on":[64,106],"performance":[66,129],"of":[67,104,150,201,207],"CF":[68,157,178],"MIMO-OFDM":[70,144,159,180],"with":[72,138],"fully":[74],"centralized":[75],"local":[77,89],"minimum":[78],"mean":[79],"square":[80],"error":[81],"(MMSE)":[82],"combining":[83,125],"HST":[85,136,188],"communications.":[86],"Considering":[87],"maximum":[90],"ratio":[91],"(MR)":[92],"combining,":[93],"large-scale":[95],"fading":[96],"decoding":[97],"(LSFD)":[98],"cooperation":[99],"practical":[102,185],"effect":[103],"DFO":[105],"system":[107,160,181],"performance,":[108],"exact":[109],"closed-form":[110],"expressions":[111,117],"uplink":[113],"spectral":[114],"efficiency":[115],"(SE)":[116],"are":[118,146,195],"derived.":[119],"We":[120],"observe":[121],"that":[122,155],"cooperative":[123],"MMSE":[124],"achieves":[126,161],"better":[127],"SE":[128,167],"than":[130,168],"uncooperative":[131],"MR":[132],"combining.":[133],"addition,":[135],"communications":[137],"small":[139],"cellular":[142],"compared":[147],"terms":[149],"SE.":[151],"Numerical":[152],"results":[153],"reveal":[154],"a":[162],"larger":[163],"more":[165],"uniform":[166],"other":[170],"systems.":[171],"Finally,":[172],"antenna":[175],"centric":[176],"(TA-centric)":[177],"is":[182],"designed":[183],"implementation":[186],"communications,":[189],"three":[191],"power":[192],"schemes":[194],"adopted":[196],"optimize":[198],"propagation":[200],"TAs":[202],"reducing":[204],"impact":[206],"DFO.":[209]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
