{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4288779706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341","title":"Situation-Aware Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection Through Active Learning and Contrast VAE-Based Models in Large Distributed Systems","display_name":"Situation-Aware Multivariate Time Series Anomaly Detection Through Active Learning and Contrast VAE-Based Models in Large Distributed Systems","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-07-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4288779706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100605168","display_name":"Zhihan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6290-6575"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhihan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101491459","display_name":"Youjian Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9841-1796"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youjian Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088129055","display_name":"Yitong Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4143-6017"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150719","display_name":"eBay (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cnabr44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yitong Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023659791","display_name":"Zhanxiang Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4282"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhanxiang Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-4282","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670955","display_name":"Hanzhang Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4088-5984"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150719","display_name":"eBay (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cnabr44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanzhang Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030501342","display_name":"Wenxiao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8852-675X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenxiao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026733966","display_name":"Huai Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-9178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150719","display_name":"eBay (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cnabr44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huai Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5049-9178","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054110915","display_name":"Amber Vaidya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150719","display_name":"eBay (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cnabr44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amber Vaidya","raw_affiliation_strings":["eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046916861","display_name":"Liangfei Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5735-6740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210150719","display_name":"eBay (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cnabr44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liangfei Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"eBay Inc., San Jose, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210150719"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046419834","display_name":"Dan Pei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-838X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Pei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5113-838X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8556,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95614396,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"9","first_page":"2746","last_page":"2765"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10876","display_name":"Fault Detection and Control Systems","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.995199978351593,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8527708053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anomaly-detection","display_name":"Anomaly detection","score":0.6802151203155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.5945620536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/series","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","score":0.5579702258110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/time-series","display_name":"Time series","score":0.5415381193161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-statistics","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","score":0.5073909163475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5027351379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3775666654109955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3647841811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34794357419013977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8527708053588867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C739882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3560506","display_name":"Anomaly detection","level":2,"score":0.6802151203155518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.5945620536804199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143724316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q312468","display_name":"Series (stratigraphy)","level":2,"score":0.5579702258110046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5415381193161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.5073909163475037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5027351379394531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3775666654109955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3647841811180115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34794357419013977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3191341","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2934107797","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62072264","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4286003969","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1802504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":66,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997733123","https://openalex.org/W2026413914","https://openalex.org/W2049058890","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2077233202","https://openalex.org/W2103139809","https://openalex.org/W2127979711","https://openalex.org/W2166128942","https://openalex.org/W2296719434","https://openalex.org/W2322013807","https://openalex.org/W2584401436","https://openalex.org/W2726539084","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2743617586","https://openalex.org/W2752155475","https://openalex.org/W2785362611","https://openalex.org/W2786827964","https://openalex.org/W2807955733","https://openalex.org/W2809108362","https://openalex.org/W2899675781","https://openalex.org/W2903158431","https://openalex.org/W2910068345","https://openalex.org/W2911200746","https://openalex.org/W2947096836","https://openalex.org/W2948517885","https://openalex.org/W2949848919","https://openalex.org/W2950361482","https://openalex.org/W2962736999","https://openalex.org/W2963166639","https://openalex.org/W2988226917","https://openalex.org/W2998010409","https://openalex.org/W3081497074","https://openalex.org/W3091764914","https://openalex.org/W3098957257","https://openalex.org/W3105931142","https://openalex.org/W3106543020","https://openalex.org/W3111515218","https://openalex.org/W3128318087","https://openalex.org/W3142047070","https://openalex.org/W3169450514","https://openalex.org/W3170937175","https://openalex.org/W3184127157","https://openalex.org/W3188964317","https://openalex.org/W3198059351","https://openalex.org/W4200635964","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6631190155","https://openalex.org/W6639732818","https://openalex.org/W6640963894","https://openalex.org/W6712395597","https://openalex.org/W6720514713","https://openalex.org/W6739901393","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6743811318","https://openalex.org/W6751494907","https://openalex.org/W6754359508","https://openalex.org/W6756026151","https://openalex.org/W6756602097","https://openalex.org/W6756615331","https://openalex.org/W6758101687","https://openalex.org/W6763324549","https://openalex.org/W6774683452","https://openalex.org/W6782144683","https://openalex.org/W6791783797","https://openalex.org/W6799609775","https://openalex.org/W6806010045"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2069592018","https://openalex.org/W2075740387","https://openalex.org/W2406638334","https://openalex.org/W2358990940","https://openalex.org/W2093931120","https://openalex.org/W2118640767","https://openalex.org/W2119012848","https://openalex.org/W2622688551","https://openalex.org/W1550175370","https://openalex.org/W1990205660"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,20],"massive":[1],"amounts":[2],"of":[3,37,79,140,172],"monitoring":[4,32,157],"data":[5,49],"in":[6,16,27,74,159,198],"network":[7],"applications":[8],"bring":[9],"an":[10,86],"urgent":[11],"need":[12],"for":[13,108,131],"intelligent":[14],"operation":[15],"large":[17],"distributed":[18],"systems.":[19,163],"key":[21],"problem":[22],"is":[23],"precisely":[24],"detecting":[25,48],"anomalies":[26,50],"multivariate":[28],"time":[29],"series":[30],"(MTS)":[31],"metrics":[33],"with":[34,174],"the":[35,56,80,122,141,147,180],"awareness":[36],"different":[38,156],"application":[39],"scenarios.":[40],"Unsupervised":[41],"MTS":[42,53,87,102],"anomaly":[43,88,109],"detection":[44,89,97,148],"methods":[45,183],"aim":[46],"at":[47],"from":[51,121],"historical":[52],"without":[54],"considering":[55],"out-of-band":[57,81],"information":[58,64],"(including":[59],"user":[60],"feedback":[61],"and":[62,94,105,186],"background":[63,123],"like":[65],"code":[66],"deployment":[67],"status),":[68],"which":[69,99,134],"leads":[70],"to":[71,117,137,145],"poor":[72],"performance":[73],"practice.":[75],"To":[76],"take":[77],"advantage":[78],"information,":[82],"we":[83,126],"propose":[84,127],"ACVAE,":[85],"algorithm":[90,153],"through":[91],"active":[92],"learning":[93],"contrast":[95],"VAE-based":[96,132],"models,":[98],"simultaneously":[100],"learns":[101],"data\u2019s":[103],"normal":[104],"anomalous":[106],"patterns":[107],"detection.":[110],"We":[111,150],"also":[112],"use":[113],"a":[114,128,168,190],"learnable":[115],"prior":[116],"capture":[118],"system":[119],"status":[120],"information.":[124],"Moreover,":[125],"query":[129,138],"model":[130],"methods,":[133],"can":[135],"learn":[136],"labels":[139],"most":[142],"useful":[143],"instances":[144],"train":[146],"model.":[149],"evaluate":[151],"our":[152],"on":[154],"three":[155],"situations":[158],"eBay\u2019s":[160],"search":[161],"back-end":[162],"<italic":[164],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[165],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">ACVAE</i>":[166],"achieves":[167],"range":[169],"F1":[170],"score":[171],"0.68~0.96":[173],"only":[175],"3%":[176],"labels,":[177],"significantly":[178],"outperforming":[179],"best":[181],"competing":[182],"by":[184,195],"0.18~0.50,":[185],"even":[187],"better":[188],"than":[189],"supervised":[191],"ensemble":[192],"method":[193],"designed":[194],"domain":[196],"experts":[197],"eBay.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
