{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3214644284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","title":"Two-Timescale End-to-End Learning for Channel Acquisition and Hybrid Precoding","display_name":"Two-Timescale End-to-End Learning for Channel Acquisition and Hybrid Precoding","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3214644284","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","mag":"3214644284"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051892787","display_name":"Qiyu Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-7197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qiyu Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034376590","display_name":"Yunlong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004205141","display_name":"Kai Kang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-1410"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Kang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079187892","display_name":"Guanding Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1354-2557"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guanding Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074728359","display_name":"Jakob Hoydis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0438-967X"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jakob Hoydis","raw_affiliation_strings":["NVIDIA, Sophia Antipolis, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NVIDIA, Sophia Antipolis, France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005913897","display_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4358-5304"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I53964585","display_name":"Weizmann Institute of Science","ror":"https://ror.org/0316ej306","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonina C. Eldar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I53964585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051892787"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5068,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89809647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"40","issue":"1","first_page":"163","last_page":"181"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8233941793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7750924825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.609011709690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5776656866073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5095146298408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5041631460189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5018718242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5014679431915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4387490153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37561723589897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.333855003118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.2637486457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.1750551164150238}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8233941793441772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7750924825668335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.609011709690094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5776656866073608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5095146298408508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5041631460189819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5018718242645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5014679431915283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4387490153312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37561723589897156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.333855003118515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.2637486457824707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.1750551164150238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3126050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2937299307","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971376","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G442922040","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"LR19F010002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6110245451","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61831004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338464","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1938636034","https://openalex.org/W1956027752","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2016999686","https://openalex.org/W2023535408","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2120549790","https://openalex.org/W2127271355","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2259391824","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2519120260","https://openalex.org/W2613332842","https://openalex.org/W2616867685","https://openalex.org/W2725078910","https://openalex.org/W2768388424","https://openalex.org/W2785231497","https://openalex.org/W2786392952","https://openalex.org/W2803073251","https://openalex.org/W2886374543","https://openalex.org/W2887520228","https://openalex.org/W2893303065","https://openalex.org/W2901240584","https://openalex.org/W2909191390","https://openalex.org/W2936900179","https://openalex.org/W2946071064","https://openalex.org/W2962732261","https://openalex.org/W2963145597","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W3006643426","https://openalex.org/W3022385148","https://openalex.org/W3027978347","https://openalex.org/W3034441334","https://openalex.org/W3036589489","https://openalex.org/W3096252532","https://openalex.org/W3097158613","https://openalex.org/W3099908750","https://openalex.org/W3126373016","https://openalex.org/W3167193327","https://openalex.org/W6725939724"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2489379490","https://openalex.org/W2141031289","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2059045613","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W4250215096","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2064335375"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,126],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,39],"propose":[4],"an":[5],"end-to-end":[6],"deep":[7,25],"learning-based":[8],"joint":[9],"transceiver":[10],"design":[11],"algorithm":[12],"for":[13,156,173],"millimeter":[14],"wave":[15],"(mmWave)":[16],"massive":[17],"multiple-input":[18],"multiple-output":[19],"(MIMO)":[20],"systems,":[21],"which":[22],"consists":[23],"of":[24,89,120,123,192],"neural":[26],"network":[27],"(DNN)-aided":[28],"pilot":[29,202],"training,":[30],"channel":[31,75],"feedback,":[32],"and":[33,55,74,93,113,170,200],"hybrid":[34,64],"analog-digital":[35],"(HAD)":[36],"precoding.":[37],"Specifically,":[38],"develop":[40],"a":[41,85,90,94,117,121,161],"DNN":[42,87,92,96,107,136,159,176],"architecture":[43],"that":[44,182],"maps":[45,58],"the":[46,53,59,63,67,71,82,105,110,128,134,143,157,167,174],"received":[47],"pilots":[48],"into":[49,62],"feedback":[50,60],"bits":[51,61],"at":[52,66,137],"receiver,":[54],"then":[56,165],"further":[57],"precoder":[65],"transmitter.":[68],"To":[69],"reduce":[70],"signaling":[72,171,198],"overhead":[73,172,199],"state":[76],"information":[77],"(CSI)":[78],"mismatch":[79],"caused":[80],"by":[81,104,133],"transmission":[83],"delay,":[84],"two-timescale":[86,150],"composed":[88],"long-term":[91,106],"short-term":[95,135],"is":[97,153],"developed.":[98],"The":[99],"analog":[100],"precoders":[101,130],"are":[102,131],"designed":[103],"based":[108,141,177],"on":[109,142],"CSI":[111,147],"statistics":[112],"updated":[114],"once":[115],"in":[116,190],"frame":[118],"consisting":[119],"number":[122],"time":[124,139],"slots.":[125],"contrast,":[127],"digital":[129],"optimized":[132],"each":[138],"slot":[140],"estimated":[144],"low-dimensional":[145],"equivalent":[146],"matrices.":[148],"A":[149],"training":[151],"method":[152],"also":[154],"developed":[155],"proposed":[158,175,184],"with":[160,196],"binary":[162],"layer.":[163],"We":[164],"analyze":[166],"generalization":[168],"ability":[169],"algorithm.":[178],"Simulation":[179],"results":[180],"show":[181],"our":[183],"technique":[185],"significantly":[186],"outperforms":[187],"conventional":[188],"schemes":[189],"terms":[191],"bit-error":[193],"rate":[194],"performance":[195],"reduced":[197],"shorter":[201],"sequences.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}