{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3168171765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","title":"Deep-Waveform: A Learned OFDM Receiver Based on Deep Complex-Valued Convolutional Networks","display_name":"Deep-Waveform: A Learned OFDM Receiver Based on Deep Complex-Valued Convolutional Networks","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3168171765","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","mag":"3168171765"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026528598","display_name":"Zhongyuan Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0346-8015"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74775410","display_name":"Rice University","ror":"https://ror.org/008zs3103","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhongyuan Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rice University, Houston, TX, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rice University, Houston, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059212413","display_name":"Mehmet C. Vuran","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7894-6611"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mehmet Can Vuran","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102227051","display_name":"Fujuan Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087596","display_name":"Qualcomm (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/002zrf773","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fujuan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, USA","University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Qualcomm, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087596"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002697978","display_name":"Stephen Scott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5227-6875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen D. Scott","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska-Lincoln (UNL), Lincoln, NE, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026528598"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74775410"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.2576,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97985132,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"8","first_page":"2407","last_page":"2420"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7597324848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-prefix","display_name":"Cyclic prefix","score":0.733686089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.727280855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.5147011876106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5069263577461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4641292095184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4614035487174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4448855519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-fourier-transform","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","score":0.43665605783462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.42950907349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3284831643104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32327955961227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2863005995750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1906217634677887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.16651394963264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fourier-transform","display_name":"Fourier transform","score":0.153187096118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractional-fourier-transform","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","score":0.12730881571769714}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7597324848175049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778775284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5198224","display_name":"Cyclic prefix","level":4,"score":0.733686089515686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.727280855178833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5147011876106262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5069263577461243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4641292095184326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4614035487174988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4448855519294739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.43665605783462524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.42950907349586487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3284831643104553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32327955961227417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2863005995750427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1906217634677887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.16651394963264465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.153187096118927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76563020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4817582","display_name":"Fractional Fourier transform","level":4,"score":0.12730881571769714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203024314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365258","display_name":"Fourier analysis","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2021.3087241","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2914922110","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1731833","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":63,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W107325040","https://openalex.org/W877915284","https://openalex.org/W1571774520","https://openalex.org/W2012019576","https://openalex.org/W2023595444","https://openalex.org/W2030497001","https://openalex.org/W2043431976","https://openalex.org/W2047515252","https://openalex.org/W2112313699","https://openalex.org/W2122072238","https://openalex.org/W2142038266","https://openalex.org/W2157195543","https://openalex.org/W2185057196","https://openalex.org/W2217381329","https://openalex.org/W2272847350","https://openalex.org/W2545815937","https://openalex.org/W2559276762","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2738594702","https://openalex.org/W2744055537","https://openalex.org/W2756144809","https://openalex.org/W2774886770","https://openalex.org/W2779699222","https://openalex.org/W2783146919","https://openalex.org/W2783558323","https://openalex.org/W2798948906","https://openalex.org/W2807536558","https://openalex.org/W2807731816","https://openalex.org/W2810871807","https://openalex.org/W2893910439","https://openalex.org/W2896484062","https://openalex.org/W2911696931","https://openalex.org/W2921187277","https://openalex.org/W2936900179","https://openalex.org/W2938113616","https://openalex.org/W2959557487","https://openalex.org/W2962913459","https://openalex.org/W2962981131","https://openalex.org/W2963190722","https://openalex.org/W2963577893","https://openalex.org/W2963622214","https://openalex.org/W2963836746","https://openalex.org/W2963889719","https://openalex.org/W2964121960","https://openalex.org/W2964198392","https://openalex.org/W2964234988","https://openalex.org/W2974170798","https://openalex.org/W2996956941","https://openalex.org/W3015447018","https://openalex.org/W3017297985","https://openalex.org/W3100645296","https://openalex.org/W3128783847","https://openalex.org/W3148495130","https://openalex.org/W3152787073","https://openalex.org/W3157093784","https://openalex.org/W3162001942","https://openalex.org/W4297824792","https://openalex.org/W6729209435","https://openalex.org/W6738884980","https://openalex.org/W6779629736","https://openalex.org/W6783148041","https://openalex.org/W6785966533","https://openalex.org/W6999787859"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2163986192","https://openalex.org/W2169555090","https://openalex.org/W2143281946","https://openalex.org/W2564136926","https://openalex.org/W2355672245","https://openalex.org/W2009705587","https://openalex.org/W2124096513","https://openalex.org/W2792561661","https://openalex.org/W2127919250","https://openalex.org/W2109072943"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,42,130],"(inverse)":[1],"discrete":[2],"Fourier":[3],"transform":[4],"(DFT/":[5],"IDFT)":[6],"is":[7,27],"often":[8],"perceived":[9],"as":[10],"essential":[11],"to":[12,29,187],"orthogonal":[13],"frequency-division":[14],"multiplexing":[15],"(OFDM)":[16],"systems.":[17],"In":[18,152],"this":[19],"paper,":[20],"a":[21,60,79,116,161,179,228],"deep":[22,149,206],"complex-valued":[23,139,162],"convolutional":[24,163,173],"network":[25],"(DCCN)":[26],"developed":[28,186],"recover":[30],"bits":[31],"from":[32,134,147],"time-domain":[33],"OFDM":[34,51,211,222],"signals":[35],"without":[36],"relying":[37],"on":[38,104],"any":[39],"explicit":[40],"DFT/IDFT.":[41],"DCCN":[43,95],"can":[44,97,224],"exploit":[45],"the":[46,66,94,99,135,168,189,194,203,214,218],"cyclic":[47],"prefix":[48],"(CP)":[49],"of":[50,68,81,138,155,160,172,181,193,205],"waveform":[52],"for":[53,167,175],"increased":[54],"SNR":[55],"by":[56,227],"replacing":[57],"DFT":[58],"with":[59,78,124],"learned":[61],"linear":[62,108],"transform,":[63],"and":[64,73,106,115,128,157,170,191,213],"has":[65],"advantage":[67],"combining":[69],"CP-exploitation,":[70],"channel":[71,101],"estimation,":[72],"intersymbol":[74],"interference":[75],"(ISI)":[76],"mitigation,":[77],"complexity":[80],"<i":[82],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[83,87],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">O</i>":[84],"(N":[85],"<sup":[86],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[88],").":[89],"Numerical":[90],"tests":[91],"show":[92],"that":[93,217],"receiver":[96],"outperform":[98],"legacy":[100],"estimators":[102],"based":[103],"ideal":[105],"approximate":[107,158],"minimum":[109],"mean":[110],"square":[111],"error":[112],"(LMMSE)":[113],"estimation":[114],"conventional":[117],"CP-enhanced":[118],"technique":[119],"in":[120,197,209,221],"Rayleigh":[121],"fading":[122,198],"channels":[123],"various":[125],"delay":[126],"spreads":[127],"mobility.":[129],"proposed":[131],"approach":[132],"benefits":[133],"expressive":[136],"nature":[137],"neural":[140,207],"networks,":[141],"which,":[142],"however,":[143],"currently":[144],"lack":[145],"support":[146],"popular":[148],"learning":[150],"platforms.":[151],"response,":[153],"guidelines":[154],"exact":[156],"implementations":[159],"layer":[164],"are":[165,185],"provided":[166],"design":[169],"analysis":[171],"networks":[174,208],"wireless":[176],"PHY.":[177],"Furthermore,":[178],"suite":[180],"novel":[182],"training":[183],"techniques":[184],"improve":[188],"convergence":[190],"generalizability":[192],"trained":[195],"model":[196],"channels.":[199],"This":[200],"work":[201],"demonstrates":[202],"capability":[204],"processing":[210],"waveforms":[212],"results":[215],"suggest":[216],"FFT":[219],"processor":[220],"receivers":[223],"be":[225],"replaced":[226],"hardware":[229],"AI":[230],"accelerator.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
