{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3039424145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","title":"Performance Analysis of 5G Mobile Relay Systems for High-Speed Trains","display_name":"Performance Analysis of 5G Mobile Relay Systems for High-Speed Trains","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3039424145","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","mag":"3039424145"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100612301","display_name":"Jiayi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2434-4329"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiayi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi\u2019an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi'an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068782412","display_name":"Hongyang Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8220-6525"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100364131","display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-3413"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I21193070","display_name":"Beijing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01yj56c84","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I21193070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015729753","display_name":"Liang Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6576-332X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16609230","display_name":"Hunan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05htk5m33","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liang Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16609230"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100612301"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827","https://openalex.org/I21193070"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2248,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":78,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97227888,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"12","first_page":"2760","last_page":"2772"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.803781270980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.7282109260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7050973773002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay-channel","display_name":"Relay channel","score":0.5440380573272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5355297327041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.5277303457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.5083274245262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottleneck","display_name":"Bottleneck","score":0.50608891248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45263397693634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.41949814558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.37246954441070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.10790064930915833}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.803781270980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.7282109260559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7050973773002625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46257984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310895","display_name":"Relay channel","level":4,"score":0.5440380573272705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5355297327041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.5277303457260132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.5083274245262146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780513914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18210350","display_name":"Bottleneck","level":2,"score":0.50608891248703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45263397693634033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.41949814558029175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.37246954441070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.10790064930915833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3005492","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:hub.hku.hk:10722/352996","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hub.hku.hk/handle/10722/352996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196271","display_name":"The HKU Scholars Hub (University of Hong Kong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","host_organization_name":"University of Hong Kong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.46000000834465027}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2680719155","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1834210","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4694313481","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61971027","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5941053889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"L171005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6080233513","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"4182049","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313887","display_name":"ZTE Corporation","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322919","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W604181985","https://openalex.org/W1578842116","https://openalex.org/W1946587052","https://openalex.org/W1970684376","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2024267771","https://openalex.org/W2048138820","https://openalex.org/W2095438337","https://openalex.org/W2157293015","https://openalex.org/W2508720818","https://openalex.org/W2549295457","https://openalex.org/W2570301846","https://openalex.org/W2591875546","https://openalex.org/W2769544239","https://openalex.org/W2806074868","https://openalex.org/W2807688430","https://openalex.org/W2894782538","https://openalex.org/W2898791317","https://openalex.org/W2899388224","https://openalex.org/W2899710373","https://openalex.org/W2903925025","https://openalex.org/W2907812480","https://openalex.org/W2911231453","https://openalex.org/W2914262925","https://openalex.org/W2950765282","https://openalex.org/W2955041215","https://openalex.org/W2962993622","https://openalex.org/W2963446177","https://openalex.org/W2973763294","https://openalex.org/W2976765088","https://openalex.org/W2987797986","https://openalex.org/W3098266047","https://openalex.org/W3098595577","https://openalex.org/W3099498410"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2608897767","https://openalex.org/W2153829573","https://openalex.org/W2099376255","https://openalex.org/W2963768675","https://openalex.org/W2004047158","https://openalex.org/W2119153672","https://openalex.org/W2993015344","https://openalex.org/W1559320887","https://openalex.org/W2374704553","https://openalex.org/W2082611414"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"provide":[1,195],"high":[2,45],"data":[3,199],"rate":[4,146],"for":[5,32,68,132,190],"high-speed":[6,198],"trains":[7],"(HSTs),":[8],"it":[9],"is":[10,30,38,66,102,185],"required":[11],"to":[12,43,105,201],"use":[13],"emerging":[14],"wireless":[15],"communication":[16],"systems,":[17],"such":[18,136],"as":[19,137],"the":[20,35,41,49,53,58,69,73,77,82,89,98,106,111,117,122,161,181,205],"fifth":[21],"generation":[22],"(5G).":[23],"An":[24],"asymmetric":[25],"5G":[26],"mobile":[27,36,162,182],"relay":[28,37,163,183],"system":[29,156,164,184],"investigated":[31],"HSTs,":[33],"where":[34],"deployed":[39],"at":[40],"HST":[42,191,202],"avoid":[44],"penetration":[46],"loss":[47],"of":[48,108,121,153,208],"direct":[50],"link":[51,71,75,84,91],"between":[52],"base":[54],"station":[55],"(BS)":[56],"and":[57,88,143,157,170,193,197],"users":[59],"(TIE)":[60],"inside":[61],"carriages.":[62],"The":[63,150],"sub-6GHz":[64],"frequency":[65],"utilized":[67],"BS-relay":[70,83],"while":[72],"relay-TIE":[74,90],"adopts":[76],"millimeter":[78],"wave":[79],"frequency.":[80],"Therefore,":[81],"experiences":[85,92],"\u03ba-\u03bc":[86],"fading":[87],"static":[93],"fluctuating":[94],"two-ray":[95],"fading.":[96],"Moreover,":[97],"channel":[99,154,158,209],"aging":[100],"effect":[101],"considered":[103,112],"due":[104],"mobility":[107],"HST.":[109],"For":[110],"system,":[113],"we":[114,127],"first":[115],"study":[116],"exact":[118,129],"statistical":[119],"characterizations":[120],"end-to-end":[123],"signalto-noise":[124],"ratios.":[125],"Then,":[126],"derive":[128],"closed-form":[130],"expressions":[131],"key":[133],"performance":[134],"metrics,":[135],"outage":[138],"probability,":[139],"average":[140,144],"bit-error":[141],"rate,":[142],"achievable":[145],"per":[147],"unit":[148],"bandwidth.":[149],"significant":[151,206],"effects":[152],"aging,":[155],"parameters":[159],"on":[160],"are":[165,171],"revealed":[166],"from":[167],"theoretical":[168],"analysis":[169],"further":[172],"illustrated":[173],"by":[174],"simulation":[175],"results.":[176],"Our":[177],"investigation":[178],"reveals":[179],"that":[180],"a":[186],"promising":[187],"network":[188],"architecture":[189],"communications":[192],"can":[194],"steady":[196],"provisioning":[200],"passengers":[203],"against":[204],"bottleneck":[207],"aging.":[210]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
