{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3035754542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","title":"Programmable Metasurface-Based Multicast Systems: Design and Analysis","display_name":"Programmable Metasurface-Based Multicast Systems: Design and Analysis","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3035754542","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","mag":"3035754542"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000809","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Xiaoling Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-8515"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoling Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-8515","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024046434","display_name":"Caijun Zhong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7800"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Caijun Zhong","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9960-7800","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010228669","display_name":"Yongxu Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","display_name":"London South Bank University","ror":"https://ror.org/02vwnat91","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongxu Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Science and Informatics, London South Bank University, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-1968","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Science and Informatics, London South Bank University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100420351","display_name":"Xiaoming Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-2135"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoming Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1818-2135","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751311","display_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2346-6228"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210141176","display_name":"Communication University of Zhejiang","ror":"https://ror.org/04t7gxr16","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaoyang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Information Processing, Communication and Networking, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210141176"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7914,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98747032,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"8","first_page":"1763","last_page":"1776"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11383","display_name":"Advanced Antenna and Metasurface Technologies","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multicast","display_name":"Multicast","score":0.9224143624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.800525426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.6098164916038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/source-specific-multicast","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","score":0.6034218668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/xcast","display_name":"Xcast","score":0.5621943473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5074450373649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.43329310417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41971462965011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3714748024940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13271179795265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.10885223746299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.057300865650177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32295351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899288","display_name":"Multicast","level":2,"score":0.9224143624305725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.800525426864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.6098164916038513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18787934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7565105","display_name":"Source-specific multicast","level":3,"score":0.6034218668937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192059732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3823050","display_name":"Xcast","level":3,"score":0.5621943473815918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5074450373649597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.43329310417175293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41971462965011597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3714748024940491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13271179795265198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.10885223746299744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.057300865650177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2020.3000809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk:89yx2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401135","display_name":"Research Open (London South Bank University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","host_organization_name":"London South Bank University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:openresearch.lsbu.ac.uk:89yx2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/JSAC.2020.3000809","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401135","display_name":"Research Open (London South Bank University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I28257850","host_organization_name":"London South Bank University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28257850"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1561785553","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61725104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2730110976","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61922071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G566246367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB180003400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8115637703","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u5b8c\u5168\u975e\u6b63\u4ea4\u591a\u63a5\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871344","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8162852627","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFB1801104","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8501632715","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1709219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G872349006","display_name":"\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f9b\u7535\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671406","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518945650","https://openalex.org/W2037866776","https://openalex.org/W2082432933","https://openalex.org/W2615358882","https://openalex.org/W2735938380","https://openalex.org/W2795167939","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2891191577","https://openalex.org/W2901268226","https://openalex.org/W2948573205","https://openalex.org/W2949670636","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950302183","https://openalex.org/W2963460596","https://openalex.org/W2963961614","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2970670564","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2997665500","https://openalex.org/W3010782164","https://openalex.org/W3027460437","https://openalex.org/W3036716558","https://openalex.org/W3100075210","https://openalex.org/W3104964198","https://openalex.org/W6765407689","https://openalex.org/W6779640692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2371847117","https://openalex.org/W2382719989","https://openalex.org/W2347553438","https://openalex.org/W1641494654","https://openalex.org/W2348077704","https://openalex.org/W80466176","https://openalex.org/W2161099791","https://openalex.org/W2131676052","https://openalex.org/W4243691295","https://openalex.org/W1528315273"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"a":[3,23,47,126,185,208],"multi-antenna":[4],"multicast":[5,53,142,166,177,197],"system":[6,62],"with":[7,41,137],"programmable":[8],"metasurface":[9],"(PMS)":[10],"based":[11],"transmitter.":[12],"Taking":[13],"into":[14],"account":[15],"of":[16,21,106,129,154,191,211],"the":[17,35,51,74,84,100,104,141,147,152,165,170,176,189,196],"finite-resolution":[18],"phase":[19,171],"shifts":[20],"PMSs,":[22],"novel":[24],"beam":[25,37],"training":[26],"approach":[27],"is":[28,55,58,91,97,109,114,144],"proposed,":[29],"which":[30,57],"achieves":[31],"comparable":[32],"performance":[33],"as":[34,169],"exhaustive":[36],"searching":[38],"method":[39],"but":[40,199],"much":[42],"lower":[43],"time":[44],"overhead.":[45],"Then,":[46],"closed-form":[48],"expression":[49],"for":[50,60,66,73,83],"achievable":[52],"rate":[54,76,143,178,201],"presented,":[56],"valid":[59],"arbitrary":[61],"configurations.":[63],"In":[64],"addition,":[65],"certain":[67],"asymptotic":[68],"scenario,":[69],"simple":[70],"approximated":[71],"expressions":[72],"multicase":[75],"are":[77,81,125],"derived.":[78],"Closed-form":[79],"solutions":[80],"obtained":[82],"optimal":[85,98],"power":[86,95,102,119],"allocation":[87,96],"scheme,":[88],"and":[89,168,181],"it":[90,113],"shown":[92],"that":[93],"equal":[94],"when":[99,123],"pilot":[101,139],"or":[103,159],"number":[105,128,153,173,190,210],"reflecting":[107,160,212],"elements":[108,161],"sufficiently":[110],"large.":[111],"However,":[112],"desirable":[115],"to":[116,120,184],"allocate":[117],"more":[118],"weaker":[121],"users":[122,192],"there":[124],"large":[127,138,209],"RF":[130],"chains.":[131],"The":[132],"analytical":[133],"findings":[134],"indicate":[135],"that,":[136],"power,":[140],"determined":[145],"by":[146,206],"weakest":[148],"user.":[149],"Also,":[150],"increasing":[151,188],"radio":[155],"frequency":[156],"(RF)":[157],"chains":[158],"can":[162,203],"significantly":[163,194],"improve":[164],"rate,":[167,198],"shift":[172],"becomes":[174],"larger,":[175],"improves":[179],"first":[180],"gradually":[182],"converges":[183],"limit.":[186],"Moreover,":[187],"would":[193],"degrade":[195],"this":[200],"loss":[202],"be":[204],"compensated":[205],"implementing":[207],"elements.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2020-06-19T00:00:00"}