{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2967038758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","title":"Lightweight Machine Learning for Efficient Frequency-Offset-Aware Demodulation","display_name":"Lightweight Machine Learning for Efficient Frequency-Offset-Aware Demodulation","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-08-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2967038758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","mag":"2967038758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050678718","display_name":"Peyman Siyari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-7319"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peyman Siyari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1831-7319","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016230153","display_name":"Hanif Rahbari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7670-6542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155173764","display_name":"Rochester Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00v4yb702","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hanif Rahbari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing Security, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing Security, Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155173764"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081934496","display_name":"Marwan Krunz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-2985"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","display_name":"University of Technology Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03f0f6041","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marwan Krunz","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Data Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2707,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8515225,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"11","first_page":"2544","last_page":"2558"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.814468502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.8013044595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demodulation","display_name":"Demodulation","score":0.793152928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.507689356803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.505577564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.4656914472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.45875003933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-recovery","display_name":"Carrier recovery","score":0.43905436992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.432338148355484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.3889421224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.32961171865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32102811336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.25209176540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.12759146094322205}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.814468502998352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.8013044595718384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195251586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1185939","display_name":"Demodulation","level":3,"score":0.793152928352356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.507689356803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.505577564239502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.4656914472579956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.45875003933906555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17877974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2375705","display_name":"Carrier recovery","level":4,"score":0.43905436992645264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.432338148355484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.3889421224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.32961171865463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32102811336517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.25209176540374756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.12759146094322205}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2019.2933956","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.arizona.edu:10150/636459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10150/636459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400271","display_name":"UA Campus Repository (The University of Arizona)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","host_organization_name":"University of Arizona","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2544-2558","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:opus.lib.uts.edu.au:10453/139989","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10453/139989","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401357","display_name":"UTS ePRESS (University of Technology Sydney)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I114017466","host_organization_name":"University of Technology Sydney","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114017466"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1126261857","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1513649","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4249102648","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1731164","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6435849792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IIP-1822071","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8719976367","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1409172","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1569512666","https://openalex.org/W1999954155","https://openalex.org/W2015555370","https://openalex.org/W2030714532","https://openalex.org/W2060218757","https://openalex.org/W2060590231","https://openalex.org/W2062200184","https://openalex.org/W2092200508","https://openalex.org/W2110774823","https://openalex.org/W2132147894","https://openalex.org/W2133092837","https://openalex.org/W2139544640","https://openalex.org/W2148318534","https://openalex.org/W2154029011","https://openalex.org/W2157791002","https://openalex.org/W2165205968","https://openalex.org/W2168785037","https://openalex.org/W2196078015","https://openalex.org/W2199164178","https://openalex.org/W2408069813","https://openalex.org/W2418497778","https://openalex.org/W2470230726","https://openalex.org/W2502001573","https://openalex.org/W2732951378","https://openalex.org/W2734408173","https://openalex.org/W2736068844","https://openalex.org/W2792876298","https://openalex.org/W3004533406","https://openalex.org/W3099161645","https://openalex.org/W4239060391","https://openalex.org/W6682953061","https://openalex.org/W6740159687"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1924191525","https://openalex.org/W3137781708","https://openalex.org/W2388059905","https://openalex.org/W2198170976","https://openalex.org/W2377859989","https://openalex.org/W2163799874","https://openalex.org/W3080284048","https://openalex.org/W2068304403","https://openalex.org/W2040739970","https://openalex.org/W2372295837"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Carrier":[0],"frequency":[1],"offset":[2],"(CFO)":[3],"arises":[4],"from":[5],"the":[6,10,17,51,56,104,109,120,145,157,160,172,202,221],"intrinsic":[7],"mismatch":[8],"between":[9],"oscillators":[11],"of":[12,167,223,233],"a":[13,45,128,177,211,224,231],"wireless":[14,77],"transmitter":[15],"and":[16,34,84,141,151,175,198,255,260],"corresponding":[18],"receiver,":[19],"as":[20,22,80,86,88,94],"well":[21,87],"their":[23],"relative":[24],"motion":[25],"(i.e.,":[26],"Doppler":[27],"effect).":[28],"Despite":[29],"advances":[30],"in":[31,65,75,89,127,201,244],"CFO":[32,43,111,162],"estimation":[33,37],"tracking":[35],"techniques,":[36,92,186],"errors":[38],"are":[39],"still":[40],"present.":[41],"Residual":[42],"creates":[44],"time-varying":[46],"phase":[47,204],"error,":[48],"which":[49,241],"degrades":[50],"decoder's":[52],"performance":[53,222],"by":[54],"increasing":[55],"symbol":[57],"error":[58],"rate.":[59],"The":[60],"impact":[61],"is":[62],"particularly":[63],"visible":[64],"dense":[66],"constellation":[67,137],"maps":[68],"(e.g.,":[69,139],"high-order":[70],"QAM":[71],"modulation),":[72],"often":[73],"used":[74],"modern":[76],"systems":[78],"such":[79,93],"5G":[81],"NR,":[82],"802.11ax,":[83],"mmWave,":[85],"physical":[90],"security":[91],"modulation":[95,132],"obfuscation":[96],"(MO).":[97],"In":[98],"this":[99,116],"paper,":[100],"we":[101,118,182,214,249],"first":[102],"derive":[103],"probability":[105],"distribution":[106],"function":[107],"for":[108,124],"residual":[110],"under":[112],"Gaussian":[113],"noise.":[114],"Using":[115],"distribution,":[117],"compute":[119],"maximum-likelihood":[121],"demodulation":[122,180,218,239],"boundaries":[123,147,174],"OFDM":[125],"signals":[126],"non-closed":[129],"form.":[130],"For":[131],"schemes":[133],"with":[134],"unequal-amplitude":[135],"reference":[136],"points":[138],"16-QAM":[140],"higher,":[142],"APSK,":[143],"etc.),":[144],"\u201coptimal\u201d":[146],"have":[148],"irregular":[149],"shapes,":[150],"more":[152],"importantly,":[153],"they":[154],"depend":[155],"on":[156,253],"time":[158],"since":[159],"last":[161],"correction":[163],"instance,":[164],"e.g.,":[165],"reception":[166],"frame":[168],"preamble.":[169],"To":[170],"approximate":[171],"optimal":[173],"provide":[176],"practical":[178],"(real-time)":[179],"scheme,":[181],"explore":[183],"machine":[184,190],"learning":[185],"specifically,":[187],"support":[188],"vector":[189],"(SVM).":[191],"Our":[192,227],"SVM":[193],"approach":[194],"exhibits":[195],"better":[196],"accuracy":[197],"lower":[199],"complexity":[200],"test":[203],"than":[205],"other":[206],"state-of-the-art":[207],"machine-learning":[208],"approaches.":[209],"As":[210],"case":[212],"study,":[213],"apply":[215],"our":[216,251,258],"CFO-aware":[217],"to":[219,235],"enhance":[220],"MO":[225],"technique.":[226],"analytical":[228],"results":[229],"show":[230],"gain":[232],"up":[234],"3dB":[236,243],"over":[237],"conventional":[238],"schemes,":[240],"exceeds":[242],"complete":[245],"system":[246],"simulations.":[247],"Finally,":[248],"implement":[250],"scheme":[252],"USRPs":[254],"experimentally":[256],"corroborate":[257],"analytic":[259],"simulation-based":[261],"findings.":[262]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}