{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2797365687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","title":"Physically Securing Energy-Based Massive MIMO MAC via Joint Alignment of Multi-User Constellations and Artificial Noise","display_name":"Physically Securing Energy-Based Massive MIMO MAC via Joint Alignment of Multi-User Constellations and Artificial Noise","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2797365687","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","mag":"2797365687"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100608359","display_name":"Yanyu Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8992-1719"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan-Yu Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101860466","display_name":"Jian\u2010Kang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0203-7918"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98251732","display_name":"McMaster University","ror":"https://ror.org/02fa3aq29","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jian-Kang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98251732"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054123777","display_name":"Hongyi Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0417-2179"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong-Yi Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Digital Switching System Engineering and Technological Research Center, Zhengzhou, China","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100608359"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3476,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92824622,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"829","last_page":"844"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-noise","display_name":"Artificial noise","score":0.7962684631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.792228102684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5524760484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.5214480757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4951883852481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.49196621775627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.48609066009521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constellation","display_name":"Constellation","score":0.4773573875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.46151089668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4268096089363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37423980236053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36420077085494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.29866015911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.18489724397659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1627388894557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.12575533986091614}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780909371","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4801092","display_name":"Artificial noise","level":4,"score":0.7962684631347656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.792228102684021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5524760484695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.5214480757713318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4951883852481842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.49196621775627136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.48609066009521484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70352696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8928","display_name":"Constellation","level":2,"score":0.4773573875427246},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.46151089668273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4268096089363098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37423980236053467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36420077085494995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.29866015911102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.18489724397659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1627388894557953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.12575533986091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2018.2825818","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6926215814","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701536","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W751677133","https://openalex.org/W1596939795","https://openalex.org/W1733425272","https://openalex.org/W1870509456","https://openalex.org/W1925963867","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1992670341","https://openalex.org/W2001284945","https://openalex.org/W2007529001","https://openalex.org/W2020175615","https://openalex.org/W2026566189","https://openalex.org/W2048146300","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2057565382","https://openalex.org/W2088717366","https://openalex.org/W2097695636","https://openalex.org/W2129457795","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2164093442","https://openalex.org/W2302231567","https://openalex.org/W2313449680","https://openalex.org/W2462057299","https://openalex.org/W2506399502","https://openalex.org/W2523426484","https://openalex.org/W2528890243","https://openalex.org/W2561773934","https://openalex.org/W2565158077","https://openalex.org/W2566155463","https://openalex.org/W2593105899","https://openalex.org/W2602015488","https://openalex.org/W2963166698","https://openalex.org/W2963290312","https://openalex.org/W2963537773","https://openalex.org/W3101985270","https://openalex.org/W3102571118","https://openalex.org/W3106148312","https://openalex.org/W4212888567","https://openalex.org/W4245808720"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390240227","https://openalex.org/W3036307543","https://openalex.org/W2290997318","https://openalex.org/W4237311310","https://openalex.org/W4256489728","https://openalex.org/W2041235917","https://openalex.org/W2971500993","https://openalex.org/W2916400534","https://openalex.org/W2059799853","https://openalex.org/W1976426492"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,142],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,25,31,50,59,87,92,102,115,136,165,175,195,201,213,237,240,281],"artificial":[4],"noise":[5],"(AN)":[6],"aided":[7],"physical":[8],"layer":[9],"security":[10,275],"(PLS)":[11],"for":[12,67,169,178,216,223,229],"energy-based":[13],"massive":[14],"multi-input":[15],"multi-output":[16],"multi-access":[17,151],"channels":[18],"with":[19,37,95,146,156,255],"finite-alphabet":[20,149,267],"data":[21],"inputs,":[22],"where":[23],"both":[24,68,274],"legitimate":[26],"base":[27],"station":[28],"(Bob)":[29],"and":[30,41,65,71,167,200,212,276],"passive":[32],"eavesdropper":[33],"(Eve)":[34],"are":[35],"equipped":[36],"large":[38],"antenna":[39],"arrays":[40],"each":[42,170],"user":[43],"has":[44,250,270],"multiple":[45],"antennas.":[46,260],"For":[47],"such":[48,193],"system,":[49],"main":[51],"challenge":[52],"is":[53,191,203],"how":[54],"to":[55,126,244],"allocate":[56],"power":[57,137,162],"between":[58,164],"transmitted":[60],"constellation":[61,83,113,132,166],"of":[62,91,138,197,239,259],"finite":[63],"size":[64],"AN":[66,168,188,202],"interference":[69],"management":[70],"PLS":[72],"enhancement.":[73],"To":[74,180],"this":[75,183],"end,":[76],"we":[77,119],"first":[78],"characterize":[79],"a":[80,107,128,147,157,185,204,251,265],"distance-optimal":[81],"(DO)":[82],"structure":[84],"that":[85,101,194,228],"maximizes":[86],"minimum":[88],"Euclidean":[89],"distance":[90],"received":[93,129],"signals":[94],"energy":[96],"detection.":[97],"It":[98],"turns":[99],"out":[100],"DO":[103],"multiuser":[104],"constellations":[105],"constitute":[106],"commonly-used":[108],"pulse":[109],"amplitude":[110],"modulation":[111],"(PAM)":[112],"at":[114],"receiver":[116,241],"side.":[117],"Then,":[118],"specifically":[120],"design":[121,143],"an":[122,256],"energy-efficient":[123],"PAM-constellation":[124],"alignment":[125],"form":[127],"sizeable":[130],"PAM":[131,140],"by":[133,210],"adaptively":[134],"aligning":[135],"multi-users'":[139],"sub-constellations.":[141],"provides":[144],"us":[145],"new":[148,266],"non-orthogonal":[150],"scheme":[152],"as":[153,155,264],"well":[154],"stepped":[158],"water":[159],"filling":[160],"(SWF)":[161],"allocation":[163],"user,":[171],"which":[172,206],"can":[173,207],"provide":[174],"power-domain":[176],"freedom":[177],"PLS.":[179],"spatially":[181],"exploit":[182],"freedom,":[184],"SWF-based":[186],"product-constant":[187],"generation":[189],"algorithm":[190],"developed":[192],"product":[196,215],"Bob's":[198,231],"channel":[199],"constant":[205],"be":[208,219],"inferred":[209],"Bob,":[211],"channel-noise":[214],"Eve":[217],"cannot":[218],"uniquely":[220],"determined,":[221],"even":[222,254],"noise-free":[224],"channels.":[225],"Simulations":[226],"indicate":[227],"SWF,":[230],"error":[232,248,278],"rate":[233,249],"will":[234],"vanish":[235],"when":[236],"number":[238,258],"antennas":[242],"goes":[243],"large,":[245],"but":[246],"Eve's":[247],"non-vanishing":[252],"lower-bound,":[253],"unlimited":[257],"In":[261],"addition,":[262],"PAMA,":[263],"NOMA":[268],"scheme,":[269],"significant":[271],"advantages":[272],"in":[273],"communication":[277],"performance":[279],"over":[280],"time":[282],"division":[283],"multi-access.":[284]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
