{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2730027154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","title":"Subarray-Based Coordinated Beamforming Training for mmWave and Sub-THz Communications","display_name":"Subarray-Based Coordinated Beamforming Training for mmWave and Sub-THz Communications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-06-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2730027154","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","mag":"2730027154"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109834265","display_name":"Cen Lin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Cen Lin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039289964","display_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7894-2415"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey Ye Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100335940","display_name":"Li Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0973-1614"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159102","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/0500fyd17","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Sweden AB, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159102"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109834265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.2809,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":152,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96973198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"9","first_page":"2115","last_page":"2126"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8713054656982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.804039716720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5830350518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5082792639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/true-time-delay","display_name":"True time delay","score":0.4762839674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4758453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.4225099980831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4176233112812042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2490030825138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phased-array","display_name":"Phased array","score":0.1189870834350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09820985794067383}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8713054656982422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.804039716720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5830350518226624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5082792639732361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779816760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q365988","display_name":"True time delay","level":4,"score":0.4762839674949646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4758453369140625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4225099980831146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4176233112812042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2490030825138092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55494473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727898","display_name":"Phased array","level":3,"score":0.1189870834350586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09820985794067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2720038","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7992872977","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"140511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1432778544","https://openalex.org/W1555945676","https://openalex.org/W1566346978","https://openalex.org/W1990999789","https://openalex.org/W2016619802","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2034667789","https://openalex.org/W2041287972","https://openalex.org/W2060661941","https://openalex.org/W2074011868","https://openalex.org/W2090091273","https://openalex.org/W2092350578","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2104770042","https://openalex.org/W2111322952","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2112951164","https://openalex.org/W2125290396","https://openalex.org/W2135066378","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2145402100","https://openalex.org/W2146002389","https://openalex.org/W2166486216","https://openalex.org/W2168311839","https://openalex.org/W2170536206","https://openalex.org/W2195693430","https://openalex.org/W2218442732","https://openalex.org/W2261663070","https://openalex.org/W2321959027","https://openalex.org/W2567050201","https://openalex.org/W2612904112","https://openalex.org/W3102347753","https://openalex.org/W4205279868"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2973158128","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2763395582","https://openalex.org/W1583278841","https://openalex.org/W4297513931","https://openalex.org/W2991386219","https://openalex.org/W3172998530","https://openalex.org/W2542319491"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Millimeter-wave":[0],"(mmWave)":[1],"and":[2,21,35,85,106,166],"sub-Terahertz":[3],"(THz)":[4],"communications":[5],"are":[6,41,83,92,167],"compelling":[7],"as":[8],"an":[9],"enabler":[10],"for":[11,149],"next-generation":[12],"wireless":[13],"networks.":[14],"In":[15,75],"this":[16],"paper,":[17],"we":[18],"study":[19],"mmWave":[20,34],"sub-THz":[22,36],"systems":[23],"with":[24,53,121,140],"array-of-subarray":[25],"architecture.":[26],"To":[27],"accommodate":[28],"the":[29,33,58,70,107,124,132,156,173,176],"ultrabroad":[30],"bandwidth":[31],"in":[32,43],"bands,":[37],"time-delay":[38,80,90,125,159],"phase":[39,81],"shifters":[40,82],"introduced":[42],"system":[44,119],"design.":[45],"Our":[46],"goal":[47],"is":[48,98,127,143,180],"to":[49,56,145],"investigate":[50],"beamforming":[51,137,178],"training":[52,138,148,179],"hybrid":[54],"processing":[55],"extract":[57],"dominant":[59],"channel":[60,66],"information,":[61],"which":[62],"would":[63],"fully":[64],"exploit":[65],"characteristics":[67],"while":[68],"respecting":[69],"nature":[71],"of":[72,102,113,175],"circuit":[73],"hardware.":[74],"particular,":[76],"codebooks":[77,91,126,160],"based":[78,130],"on":[79,100,110,123,131],"defined":[84],"structured.":[86],"Then,":[87],"two":[88],"multi-resolution":[89,158],"designed":[93],"through":[94],"subarray":[95],"coordination.":[96],"One":[97],"built":[99],"adaptation":[101],"physical":[103],"beam":[104,114,164],"directions,":[105],"other":[108],"relies":[109],"dynamic":[111],"approximation":[112],"patterns.":[115],"Also,":[116,172],"a":[117,135],"low-complexity":[118],"implementation":[120],"modifications":[122],"studied.":[128],"Furthermore,":[129],"proposed":[133,157],"codebooks,":[134],"hierarchical":[136,177],"strategy":[139],"reduced":[141],"overhead":[142],"developed":[144],"enable":[146],"simultaneous":[147],"multiple":[150],"users.":[151],"Simulation":[152],"results":[153],"show":[154],"that":[155],"could":[161],"provide":[162],"sufficient":[163],"gains":[165],"robust":[168],"over":[169],"large":[170],"bandwidth.":[171],"effectiveness":[174],"verified.":[181]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}