{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2609160847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","title":"Rural Macrocell Path Loss Models for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications","display_name":"Rural Macrocell Path Loss Models for Millimeter Wave Wireless Communications","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2609160847","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","mag":"2609160847"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068361918","display_name":"George R. MacCartney","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8665-8318"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George R. MacCartney","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU WIRELESS Research Center, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU WIRELESS Research Center, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058193542","display_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-9957"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodore S. Rappaport","raw_affiliation_strings":["NYU WIRELESS Research Center, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NYU WIRELESS Research Center, NYU Tandon School of Engineering, New York University, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068361918"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.2311,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":188,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98594427,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"7","first_page":"1663","last_page":"1677"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.992900013923645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.8803131580352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrocell","display_name":"Macrocell","score":0.6950735449790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/log-distance-path-loss-model","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","score":0.6540488600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6259991526603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5352573990821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3rd-generation-partnership-project-2","display_name":"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2","score":0.5215908885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.5176382660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.47737833857536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/link-budget","display_name":"Link budget","score":0.4729618430137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.46595439314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-propagation","display_name":"Radio propagation","score":0.42969250679016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3713107109069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.33536702394485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.30130040645599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.2500569522380829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.12917962670326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.11224010586738586}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.8803131580352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778291847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1163937","display_name":"Macrocell","level":3,"score":0.6950735449790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97316775","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3575778","display_name":"Log-distance path loss model","level":4,"score":0.6540488600730896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6259991526603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5352573990821838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177782964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q229785","display_name":"3rd Generation Partnership Project 2","level":3,"score":0.5215908885002136},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.5176382660865784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.47737833857536316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94137725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1509342","display_name":"Link budget","level":3,"score":0.4729618430137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.46595439314842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202311505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1474701","display_name":"Radio propagation","level":2,"score":0.42969250679016113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3713107109069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.33536702394485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.30130040645599365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.2500569522380829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.12917962670326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.11224010586738586}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2699359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.5799999833106995}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1122607870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1302336","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G122711137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1320472","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4503531257","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1555332","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W1509061701","https://openalex.org/W1512186226","https://openalex.org/W1540304496","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1762283796","https://openalex.org/W1988479411","https://openalex.org/W1995134390","https://openalex.org/W2010043948","https://openalex.org/W2054405892","https://openalex.org/W2062058570","https://openalex.org/W2067040941","https://openalex.org/W2085228553","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2106138436","https://openalex.org/W2108897597","https://openalex.org/W2110618891","https://openalex.org/W2112782034","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2117992232","https://openalex.org/W2119792344","https://openalex.org/W2120645748","https://openalex.org/W2123717129","https://openalex.org/W2142977000","https://openalex.org/W2145417574","https://openalex.org/W2146965464","https://openalex.org/W2191542088","https://openalex.org/W2219770862","https://openalex.org/W2249053460","https://openalex.org/W2275969031","https://openalex.org/W2281465300","https://openalex.org/W2297064387","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2396975610","https://openalex.org/W2412112894","https://openalex.org/W2463747392","https://openalex.org/W2504274537","https://openalex.org/W2546363041","https://openalex.org/W3105228616","https://openalex.org/W3106110193","https://openalex.org/W6638051996","https://openalex.org/W6712609413"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117413196","https://openalex.org/W2375857191","https://openalex.org/W2156646966","https://openalex.org/W4234143396","https://openalex.org/W1545976924","https://openalex.org/W2383765745","https://openalex.org/W2012226585","https://openalex.org/W1966073462","https://openalex.org/W2462451278","https://openalex.org/W2342704848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Little":[0],"is":[1,139,227,232],"known":[2],"about":[3],"millimeter":[4],"wave":[5],"(mmWave)":[6],"path":[7,59,84,117,135,156,200,215,244],"loss":[8,60,85,118,136,157,201,216,245],"in":[9,31,125,251],"rural":[10,45,126,252],"areas":[11],"with":[12,34,189,211],"tall":[13],"base":[14,248],"station":[15,249],"antennas;":[16],"yet,":[17],"as":[18],"shown":[19],"here,":[20],"surprisingly":[21],"long":[22],"distances":[23],"(greater":[24],"than":[25,36,151],"10":[26],"km)":[27],"can":[28],"be":[29,161],"achieved":[30],"clear":[32],"weather":[33],"less":[35],"1":[37],"W":[38],"of":[39,238],"power.":[40,194],"This":[41,220],"paper":[42],"studies":[43],"past":[44],"macrocell":[46],"(RMa)":[47],"propagation":[48],"models":[49,61,86,242],"and":[50,81,142,159,229,231,240],"the":[51,71,152,224,235,243],"current":[52],"third":[53],"generation":[54],"partnership":[55],"project":[56],"(3GPP)":[57],"RMa":[58,83,116,134,155],"for":[62,89,98,146,163],"frequencies":[63,90,164],"from":[64,70,165],"0.5":[65,166],"to":[66,101,113,130,144,167,180],"30":[67,102],"GHz":[68],"adopted":[69],"International":[72],"Telecommunications":[73],"Union-Radiocommunication":[74],"Sector":[75],"(ITU-R).":[76],"We":[77],"show":[78],"that":[79,138,203,223],"3GPP":[80],"ITU-R":[82],"were":[87],"derived":[88],"below":[91],"6":[92],"GHz,":[93],"yet":[94],"are":[95,128],"being":[96],"asserted":[97],"use":[99],"up":[100],"GHz.":[103,169],"Until":[104],"this":[105,121],"paper,":[106,122],"there":[107],"has":[108,175],"not":[109],"been":[110],"published":[111],"data":[112,196],"support":[114],"mmWave":[115],"models.":[119],"In":[120],"73-GHz":[123],"measurements":[124],"Virginia":[127],"used":[129,162,173],"develop":[131],"a":[132,176,181,198,205,212],"new":[133,199],"model":[137,202,226],"more":[140],"accurate":[141,228],"easier":[143],"apply":[145],"varying":[147],"transmitter":[148],"antenna":[149],"heights":[150],"existing":[153],"3GPP/ITU-R":[154],"models,":[158],"may":[160],"100":[168],"The":[170],"measurement":[171,177],"system":[172],"here":[174],"range":[178],"comparable":[179],"wideband":[182],"(800-MHz":[183],"radio":[184],"frequency":[185],"bandwidth)":[186],"channel":[187],"sounder":[188],"21.7-dBW":[190],"effective":[191],"isotropic":[192],"radiated":[193],"Measured":[195],"verify":[197],"uses":[204],"close-in":[206],"free":[207],"space":[208],"reference":[209],"distance":[210],"novel":[213],"height-dependent":[214],"exponent":[217],"(CIH":[218],"model).":[219],"work":[221],"shows":[222],"CIH":[225],"stable,":[230],"frequency-independent":[233],"beyond":[234],"first":[236],"meter":[237],"propagation,":[239],"effectively":[241],"dependence":[246],"on":[247],"height":[250],"channels.":[253]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
