{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2605344455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","title":"5G: A Tutorial Overview of Standards, Trials, Challenges, Deployment, and Practice","display_name":"5G: A Tutorial Overview of Standards, Trials, Challenges, Deployment, and Practice","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-04-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2605344455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","mag":"2605344455"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047954881","display_name":"Mansoor Shafi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5492-8969"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mansoor Shafi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spark NZ, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spark NZ, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071725365","display_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4779-4763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas F. Molisch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Hsieh Department of Electrical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011583707","display_name":"Peter J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8707-2581"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I41156924","display_name":"Victoria University of Wellington","ror":"https://ror.org/0040r6f76","country_code":"NZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}],"countries":["NZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter J. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I41156924"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109187976","display_name":"Thomas Haustein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Haustein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Wireless Communications and Networks, Fraunhofer HHI, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Wireless Communications and Networks, Fraunhofer HHI, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102496658","display_name":"Peiying Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8801-3206"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115038","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (Canada)","ror":"https://ror.org/026venb53","country_code":"CA","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peiying Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huawei Technologies Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huawei Technologies Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115038"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091599296","display_name":"Prasan De Silva","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Prasan De Silva","raw_affiliation_strings":["Spark NZ, Wellington, New Zealand"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Spark NZ, Wellington, New Zealand","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073439066","display_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1072-0784"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fredrik Tufvesson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085340256","display_name":"Anass Benjebbour","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2251713219","display_name":"NTT (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/00berct97","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anass Benjebbour","raw_affiliation_strings":["NTT DOCOMO, INC., 5G Laboratory, Yokosuka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"NTT DOCOMO, INC., 5G Laboratory, Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2251713219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044286247","display_name":"Gerhard Wunder","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0850-8816"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800274787","display_name":"Fraunhofer Institute for Telecommunications, Heinrich Hertz Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02tbr6331","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787","https://openalex.org/I4923324"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerhard Wunder","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fraunhofer Heinrich-Herz-Institut, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fraunhofer Heinrich-Herz-Institut, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800274787"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":6,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047954881"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":123.5044,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2279,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99994587,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"6","first_page":"1201","last_page":"1221"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8170109987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6519047021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.583770751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/standardization","display_name":"Standardization","score":0.530921995639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.5017690658569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flexibility","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","score":0.5008516311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.46793100237846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scope","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","score":0.4445108473300934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.42500829696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/core-network","display_name":"Core network","score":0.412200391292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16532287001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.14495781064033508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8170109987258911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6519047021865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.583770751953125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188087704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q369577","display_name":"Standardization","level":2,"score":0.530921995639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.5017690658569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780598303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q65921492","display_name":"Flexibility (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5008516311645508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.46793100237846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4445108473300934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.42500829696655273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5038329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1142907","display_name":"Core network","level":2,"score":0.412200391292572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16532287001609802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.14495781064033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2692307","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:71f80c13-c533-47a8-9960-f2deb7e8899f","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/71f80c13-c533-47a8-9960-f2deb7e8899f","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ISSN: 0733-8716","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publica.fraunhofer.de:publica/249032","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://publica.fraunhofer.de/handle/publica/249032","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400318","display_name":"Fraunhofer-Publica (Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4923324","host_organization_name":"Fraunhofer-Gesellschaft","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4923324"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8999999761581421,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":194,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1417226415","https://openalex.org/W1512186226","https://openalex.org/W1521892269","https://openalex.org/W1524646976","https://openalex.org/W1533172747","https://openalex.org/W1554767870","https://openalex.org/W1560611265","https://openalex.org/W1566642096","https://openalex.org/W1584244501","https://openalex.org/W1598266550","https://openalex.org/W1607378278","https://openalex.org/W1611674276","https://openalex.org/W1703109498","https://openalex.org/W1778513012","https://openalex.org/W1855653084","https://openalex.org/W1894204910","https://openalex.org/W1901339769","https://openalex.org/W1942827630","https://openalex.org/W1963708326","https://openalex.org/W1968795780","https://openalex.org/W1969281101","https://openalex.org/W1972856258","https://openalex.org/W1975337491","https://openalex.org/W1980301021","https://openalex.org/W1980906071","https://openalex.org/W1984188038","https://openalex.org/W1990240491","https://openalex.org/W1995314719","https://openalex.org/W1998718575","https://openalex.org/W1998971579","https://openalex.org/W2004294022","https://openalex.org/W2014774844","https://openalex.org/W2015301486","https://openalex.org/W2021699271","https://openalex.org/W2027563534","https://openalex.org/W2038196321","https://openalex.org/W2038227506","https://openalex.org/W2040921991","https://openalex.org/W2042519026","https://openalex.org/W2045658304","https://openalex.org/W2046952538","https://openalex.org/W2052190282","https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2056251647","https://openalex.org/W2057768919","https://openalex.org/W2060821616","https://openalex.org/W2065042657","https://openalex.org/W2067605736","https://openalex.org/W2072079297","https://openalex.org/W2074799767","https://openalex.org/W2075148031","https://openalex.org/W2077925014","https://openalex.org/W2084304524","https://openalex.org/W2087998432","https://openalex.org/W2088717366","https://openalex.org/W2090195299","https://openalex.org/W2090680608","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2098890486","https://openalex.org/W2103970559","https://openalex.org/W2103972037","https://openalex.org/W2104074482","https://openalex.org/W2106101262","https://openalex.org/W2108090232","https://openalex.org/W2109249349","https://openalex.org/W2111823440","https://openalex.org/W2111953900","https://openalex.org/W2114439327","https://openalex.org/W2116334496","https://openalex.org/W2124175354","https://openalex.org/W2125119399","https://openalex.org/W2125324284","https://openalex.org/W2125931407","https://openalex.org/W2128513990","https://openalex.org/W2128628369","https://openalex.org/W2129102498","https://openalex.org/W2131651545","https://openalex.org/W2132712787","https://openalex.org/W2134053781","https://openalex.org/W2134686390","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2138442940","https://openalex.org/W2140383692","https://openalex.org/W2141077315","https://openalex.org/W2141642774","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142608964","https://openalex.org/W2145148742","https://openalex.org/W2145208751","https://openalex.org/W2145258326","https://openalex.org/W2145412765","https://openalex.org/W2145695599","https://openalex.org/W2147584524","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2148622067","https://openalex.org/W2150081756","https://openalex.org/W2152359249","https://openalex.org/W2152621976","https://openalex.org/W2153279496","https://openalex.org/W2156077514","https://openalex.org/W2160515200","https://openalex.org/W2161044775","https://openalex.org/W2161947454","https://openalex.org/W2162636480","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2164623762","https://openalex.org/W2164638637","https://openalex.org/W2169343101","https://openalex.org/W2169771611","https://openalex.org/W2171066806","https://openalex.org/W2171342189","https://openalex.org/W2171884936","https://openalex.org/W2184875879","https://openalex.org/W2185551459","https://openalex.org/W2187366975","https://openalex.org/W2189661557","https://openalex.org/W2201543768","https://openalex.org/W2201689199","https://openalex.org/W2219770862","https://openalex.org/W2227902027","https://openalex.org/W2238937638","https://openalex.org/W2272804037","https://openalex.org/W2275969031","https://openalex.org/W2284226193","https://openalex.org/W2288309942","https://openalex.org/W2288724820","https://openalex.org/W2289336164","https://openalex.org/W2289950335","https://openalex.org/W2291730555","https://openalex.org/W2292433337","https://openalex.org/W2294511912","https://openalex.org/W2297064387","https://openalex.org/W2297254310","https://openalex.org/W2299676078","https://openalex.org/W2320229047","https://openalex.org/W2339848418","https://openalex.org/W2345417877","https://openalex.org/W2400729854","https://openalex.org/W2400825964","https://openalex.org/W2409198465","https://openalex.org/W2416833152","https://openalex.org/W2417675050","https://openalex.org/W2433339266","https://openalex.org/W2439960797","https://openalex.org/W2460729237","https://openalex.org/W2464923100","https://openalex.org/W2469174679","https://openalex.org/W2475831358","https://openalex.org/W2482011127","https://openalex.org/W2511170467","https://openalex.org/W2515440490","https://openalex.org/W2518645256","https://openalex.org/W2520466259","https://openalex.org/W2527800509","https://openalex.org/W2529388890","https://openalex.org/W2532095825","https://openalex.org/W2534068886","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2549505805","https://openalex.org/W2566940354","https://openalex.org/W2575962105","https://openalex.org/W2600951660","https://openalex.org/W2612254130","https://openalex.org/W2619171032","https://openalex.org/W2624121342","https://openalex.org/W2761887981","https://openalex.org/W2951509767","https://openalex.org/W2964346954","https://openalex.org/W3098535947","https://openalex.org/W3098980465","https://openalex.org/W3099378150","https://openalex.org/W3101483526","https://openalex.org/W3103426447","https://openalex.org/W3106110193","https://openalex.org/W3106282754","https://openalex.org/W3142449258","https://openalex.org/W4239066252","https://openalex.org/W4248453725","https://openalex.org/W6628164341","https://openalex.org/W6634027036","https://openalex.org/W6636027271","https://openalex.org/W6637350930","https://openalex.org/W6704529370","https://openalex.org/W6713155927","https://openalex.org/W6714530655","https://openalex.org/W6716121765","https://openalex.org/W6716942631","https://openalex.org/W6726783120","https://openalex.org/W6726803452","https://openalex.org/W6731856470","https://openalex.org/W6735094488","https://openalex.org/W6744657275","https://openalex.org/W7061995824"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2378767206","https://openalex.org/W1540871478","https://openalex.org/W328308450","https://openalex.org/W282641168","https://openalex.org/W2376963063","https://openalex.org/W2066396794","https://openalex.org/W2366734808","https://openalex.org/W2391444248","https://openalex.org/W2390716080","https://openalex.org/W2019887508"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"There":[0],"is":[1,32,178,216,232],"considerable":[2],"pressure":[3],"to":[4,35,63,109,151,180,208,218,242],"define":[5],"the":[6,90,97,116,153,160,168,186,209,230,244,249,262,278],"key":[7,263],"requirements":[8,104],"of":[9,45,71,92,105,132,156,199,212,246],"5G,":[10],"develop":[11],"5G":[12,46,51,106,157,169,188,200,213,280],"standards,":[13],"and":[14,79,100,121,138,143,149,175,177,204,226,258,260],"perform":[15],"technology":[16],"trials":[17,275],"as":[18,20],"quickly":[19],"possible.":[21],"Normally,":[22],"these":[23,37],"activities":[24],"are":[25,84,107],"best":[26],"done":[27],"in":[28,39,69,115,126,222,227,248],"series":[29],"but":[30,273],"there":[31],"a":[33,65,223],"desire":[34],"complete":[36],"tasks":[38],"parallel":[40],"so":[41,101],"that":[42,146],"commercial":[43],"deployments":[44],"can":[47],"begin":[48],"by":[49,112],"2020.":[50],"will":[52],"not":[53],"be":[54,64,110,173],"an":[55,197],"incremental":[56],"improvement":[57],"over":[58],"its":[59],"predecessors;":[60],"it":[61,215],"aims":[62],"revolutionary":[66],"leap":[67],"forward":[68],"terms":[70],"data":[72],"rates,":[73],"latency,":[74],"massive":[75],"connectivity,":[76,89],"network":[77,141,171],"reliability,":[78],"energy":[80],"efficiency.":[81],"These":[82],"capabilities":[83],"targeted":[85],"at":[86],"realizing":[87],"high-speed":[88],"Internet":[91],"Things,":[93],"augmented":[94],"virtual":[95],"reality,":[96],"tactile":[98],"internet,":[99],"on.":[102],"The":[103],"expected":[108,179],"met":[111],"new":[113,144],"spectrum":[114],"microwave":[117],"bands":[118],"(3.3-4.2":[119],"GHz),":[120],"utilizing":[122],"large":[123,135],"bandwidths":[124],"available":[125],"mm-wave":[127],"bands,":[128],"increasing":[129],"spatial":[130],"degrees":[131],"freedom":[133],"via":[134],"antenna":[136],"arrays":[137],"3-D":[139],"MIMO,":[140],"densification,":[142],"waveforms":[145],"provide":[147,182,196,219],"scalability":[148],"flexibility":[150],"meet":[152],"varying":[154],"demands":[155],"services.":[158],"Unlike":[159],"one":[161],"size":[162],"fits":[163],"all":[164],"4G":[165],"core":[166,170],"networks,":[167],"must":[172],"flexible":[174],"adaptable":[176],"simultaneously":[181],"optimized":[183],"support":[184],"for":[185],"diverse":[187],"use":[189],"case":[190],"categories.":[191],"In":[192,240],"this":[193,228],"paper,":[194],"we":[195,251],"overview":[198],"research,":[201],"standardization":[202],"trials,":[203],"deployment":[205],"challenges.":[206],"Due":[207],"enormous":[210],"scope":[211],"systems,":[214],"necessary":[217],"some":[220],"direction":[221],"tutorial":[224],"article,":[225],"overview,":[229],"focus":[231],"largely":[233],"user":[234],"centric,":[235],"rather":[236],"than":[237],"device":[238],"centric.":[239],"addition":[241],"surveying":[243],"state":[245],"play":[247],"area,":[250],"identify":[252],"leading":[253],"technologies,":[254],"evaluating":[255],"their":[256],"strengths":[257],"weaknesses,":[259],"outline":[261],"challenges":[264],"ahead,":[265],"with":[266],"research":[267],"test":[268],"beds":[269],"delivering":[270],"promising":[271],"performance":[272],"pre-commercial":[274],"lagging":[276],"behind":[277],"desired":[279],"targets.":[281]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":174},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":252},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":280},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":305},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":379},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":337},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":299},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":157},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":52}],"updated_date":"2026-06-05T09:01:59.212387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}