{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2603333335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","title":"Gbps User Rates Using mmWave Relayed Backhaul With High-Gain Antennas","display_name":"Gbps User Rates Using mmWave Relayed Backhaul With High-Gain Antennas","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2603333335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","mag":"2603333335"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.04277","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015072758","display_name":"Jinfeng Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-0713"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jinfeng Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9709-0713","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008074231","display_name":"Efe Onaran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Efe Onaran","raw_affiliation_strings":["New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New York University Tandon School of Engineering, Brooklyn, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089410869","display_name":"Dmitry Chizhik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5577-2062"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dmitry Chizhik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001802967","display_name":"Sivarama Venkatesan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sivarama Venkatesan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068923154","display_name":"Reinaldo A. Valenzuela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3578-9825"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72090969","display_name":"Nokia (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/038km2573","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2738502077","https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Reinaldo A. Valenzuela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nokia Bell Labs, Holmdel, NJ, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72090969"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.7246,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97248054,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"6","first_page":"1363","last_page":"1372"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backhaul","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","score":0.8267239928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7087392807006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7060813903808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6295751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6293402314186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.6137405633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.47790417075157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremely-high-frequency","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","score":0.47439053654670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.4626985192298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/directional-antenna","display_name":"Directional antenna","score":0.4514934718608856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/array-gain","display_name":"Array gain","score":0.42845267057418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.36316484212875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.357634574174881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3538714051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.35266822576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.17136850953102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1417316198348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.10234218835830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103760667","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q798444","display_name":"Backhaul (telecommunications)","level":3,"score":0.8267239928245544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7087392807006836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7060813903808594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6295751333236694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6293402314186096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.6137405633926392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.47790417075157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45764600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q570342","display_name":"Extremely high frequency","level":2,"score":0.47439053654670715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4626985192298889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64671776","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q769152","display_name":"Directional antenna","level":3,"score":0.4514934718608856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136664719","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4795880","display_name":"Array gain","level":4,"score":0.42845267057418823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.36316484212875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.357634574174881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3538714051246643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.35266822576522827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.17136850953102112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1417316198348999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.10234218835830688}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2686578","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1704.04277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04277","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.04277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1704.04277","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1704.04277","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1704.04277","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1953553238","https://openalex.org/W1967577542","https://openalex.org/W2009447832","https://openalex.org/W2034651337","https://openalex.org/W2084592718","https://openalex.org/W2095843437","https://openalex.org/W2097742702","https://openalex.org/W2098360731","https://openalex.org/W2106929598","https://openalex.org/W2110857522","https://openalex.org/W2116485279","https://openalex.org/W2138020668","https://openalex.org/W2147926029","https://openalex.org/W2156960709","https://openalex.org/W2167424239","https://openalex.org/W2336775896","https://openalex.org/W2606383876","https://openalex.org/W2953310103","https://openalex.org/W3102763195","https://openalex.org/W4251416849","https://openalex.org/W6679309853","https://openalex.org/W6684595150"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2765089333","https://openalex.org/W4297311468","https://openalex.org/W3110590130","https://openalex.org/W4287562279","https://openalex.org/W2504274537","https://openalex.org/W905396345","https://openalex.org/W2972536919","https://openalex.org/W2512234407","https://openalex.org/W4386214573","https://openalex.org/W2521006054"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Delivering":[0],"Gbps":[1],"high":[2,151],"user":[3,129,161,182],"rate":[4,130,162],"over":[5],"long":[6],"distances":[7],"(~1":[8],"km)":[9],"is":[10,39,157,190,197,207],"challenging,":[11],"and":[12,34,87,113,123],"the":[13,23,30,60,71,82,91,100,114,128,145,194,202,209,219,225,232],"abundant":[14],"spectrum":[15],"available":[16],"in":[17,84],"millimeter":[18],"wave":[19],"band":[20],"cannot":[21],"solve":[22],"challenge":[24],"by":[25,218],"its":[26],"own":[27],"due":[28],"to":[29,42,58,70,90,231],"severe":[31],"path":[32,117,195],"loss":[33,196],"other":[35],"limitations.":[36],"Since":[37],"it":[38],"economically":[40],"challenging":[41],"deploy":[43],"wired":[44,68],"backhaul":[45,102],"every":[46,77],"few":[47,78],"hundred":[48,79],"meters,":[49,80],"relays":[50],"(e.g.,":[51],"wireless":[52,95],"access":[53],"points)":[54],"have":[55],"been":[56,105,132,136],"proposed":[57],"extend":[59],"coverage":[61],"of":[62,116,166,175,204,211],"a":[63,108,140],"base":[64,92],"station,":[65],"which":[66],"has":[67,104,131,135],"connection":[69],"core":[72],"network.":[73],"These":[74],"relays,":[75],"deployed":[76,143],"serve":[81],"users":[83],"their":[85],"vicinity":[86],"are":[88],"backhauled":[89],"station":[93],"through":[94],"connections.":[96],"In":[97],"this":[98],"paper,":[99],"wireless-relayed":[101],"design":[103],"formulated":[106],"as":[107,224],"topology-bandwidth-power":[109],"joint":[110,152,187],"optimization":[111],"problem,":[112],"influence":[115],"loss,":[118],"angular":[119,234],"spread,":[120],"array":[121],"size,":[122],"RF":[124,205],"power":[125],"limitation":[126],"on":[127],"evaluated.":[133],"It":[134],"shown":[137],"that":[138],"for":[139],"linear":[141],"network":[142],"along":[144],"street":[146],"at":[147],"28":[148],"GHz,":[149],"when":[150,186,193],"directional":[153,188],"gain":[154,189,228],"(50":[155],"dBi)":[156],"available,":[158],"1":[159,167],"Gb/s":[160],"within":[163],"cell":[164],"range":[165],"km":[168],"can":[169],"be":[170,216],"delivered":[171],"using":[172],"1.5":[173],"GHz":[174],"bandwidth":[176],"(using":[177],"single":[178],"polarization":[179],"antennas).":[180],"The":[181],"rates":[183],"drop":[184],"precipitously":[185],"reduced,":[191],"or":[192],"much":[198],"more":[199],"severe.":[200],"When":[201],"number":[203],"chains":[206],"limited,":[208],"benefit":[210],"larger":[212],"arrays":[213],"will":[214],"eventually":[215],"surpassed":[217],"increased":[220],"channel":[221,233],"estimation":[222],"penalty":[223],"effective":[226],"beamforming":[227],"saturates":[229],"owing":[230],"spread.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}