{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592145690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","title":"Device-Free Counting via Wideband Signals","display_name":"Device-Free Counting via Wideband Signals","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592145690","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","mag":"2592145690"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2380004","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073709764","display_name":"Stefania Bartoletti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-9776"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["IT","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefania Bartoletti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","Wireless Information and Network Sciences Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-9776","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wireless Information and Network Sciences Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015500569","display_name":"Andrea Conti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9224-2178"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","display_name":"University of Ferrara","ror":"https://ror.org/041zkgm14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea Conti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067048409","display_name":"Moe Z. Win","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8573-0488"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210143601","display_name":"Decision Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/0434dpa13","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moe Z. Win","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory for Information and Decision Systems, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210143601","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1166,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95873885,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"5","first_page":"1163","last_page":"1174"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11739","display_name":"Microwave Imaging and Scattering Analysis","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8381372690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.6690508723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.5565556287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.5446912050247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/curse-of-dimensionality","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","score":0.5394407510757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5223004817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/a-priori-and-a-posteriori","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","score":0.4857676327228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.45971348881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.4505890905857086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.352020800113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3029293119907379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.28682056069374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.20079326629638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.15069779753684998}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8381372690200806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.6690508723258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.5565556287765503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.5446912050247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111030470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1430460","display_name":"Curse of dimensionality","level":2,"score":0.5394407510757446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5223004817962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75553542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178161","display_name":"A priori and a posteriori","level":2,"score":0.4857676327228546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.45971348881721497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.4505890905857086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.352020800113678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3029293119907379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.28682056069374084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.20079326629638672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.15069779753684998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2680978","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/396212","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2108/396212","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unife.it:11392/2380004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2380004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:zenodo.org:3455510","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://zenodo.org/record/3455510","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400562","display_name":"Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unife.it:11392/2380004","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2380004","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400369","display_name":"Institutional Research Information System University of Ferrara (University of Ferrara)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I201324441","host_organization_name":"University of Ferrara","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201324441"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4815498010","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-16-1-2141","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":59,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18819324","https://openalex.org/W1487003764","https://openalex.org/W1814500939","https://openalex.org/W1964161928","https://openalex.org/W1965665622","https://openalex.org/W1965859621","https://openalex.org/W1970304436","https://openalex.org/W1974741373","https://openalex.org/W1978441705","https://openalex.org/W1983732668","https://openalex.org/W1989115430","https://openalex.org/W1991777028","https://openalex.org/W1991798049","https://openalex.org/W1994006969","https://openalex.org/W2011482625","https://openalex.org/W2012462772","https://openalex.org/W2020702887","https://openalex.org/W2026332379","https://openalex.org/W2026366745","https://openalex.org/W2027272808","https://openalex.org/W2038946940","https://openalex.org/W2042322506","https://openalex.org/W2058521542","https://openalex.org/W2058987126","https://openalex.org/W2065831797","https://openalex.org/W2069740306","https://openalex.org/W2088929512","https://openalex.org/W2091190815","https://openalex.org/W2092431085","https://openalex.org/W2095522552","https://openalex.org/W2104925554","https://openalex.org/W2108611194","https://openalex.org/W2112547487","https://openalex.org/W2126076156","https://openalex.org/W2128083638","https://openalex.org/W2130771561","https://openalex.org/W2134849071","https://openalex.org/W2136556589","https://openalex.org/W2140855769","https://openalex.org/W2149001945","https://openalex.org/W2151547994","https://openalex.org/W2151812657","https://openalex.org/W2153994552","https://openalex.org/W2155999145","https://openalex.org/W2157239880","https://openalex.org/W2158744736","https://openalex.org/W2161042721","https://openalex.org/W2161836571","https://openalex.org/W2161963928","https://openalex.org/W2163363194","https://openalex.org/W2294724112","https://openalex.org/W2346191743","https://openalex.org/W2491335193","https://openalex.org/W2513282446","https://openalex.org/W2541044778","https://openalex.org/W2944705045","https://openalex.org/W3107179866","https://openalex.org/W6641112079","https://openalex.org/W6762579559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4296209631","https://openalex.org/W3112081258","https://openalex.org/W4388311650","https://openalex.org/W1974056099","https://openalex.org/W4245343541","https://openalex.org/W2386077341","https://openalex.org/W563589758","https://openalex.org/W2561617217","https://openalex.org/W5922282","https://openalex.org/W2332949289"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Counting":[0],"people":[1],"and":[2,24,89,103,180],"things":[3],"(targets)":[4],"in":[5,16,91,176],"a":[6,71,84,123,134,136,154],"monitored":[7],"area,":[8],"also":[9],"known":[10],"as":[11],"crowd-counting,":[12],"enables":[13],"several":[14],"applications":[15],"diverse":[17],"scenarios,":[18,29],"including":[19],"smart":[20],"building,":[21],"intelligent":[22],"transportation,":[23],"public":[25],"safety.":[26],"In":[27],"many":[28],"device-free":[30,130],"systems":[31,43],"relying":[32,44,148],"on":[33,45,149,158],"the":[34,46,49,57,111,116,127,165],"signal":[35,107,145],"backscattering":[36,146],"from":[37],"targets":[38,50],"are":[39],"preferred":[40],"to":[41,69,109,163],"device-based":[42],"communication":[47],"with":[48,77,95,115,182],"via":[51,143,173],"dedicated":[52],"or":[53],"personal":[54],"devices.":[55],"However,":[56],"use":[58],"of":[59,74,100,118,129],"conventional":[60],"radar":[61],"techniques":[62],"(e.g.,":[63],"for":[64,87,106,126,141],"multi-target":[65],"detection)":[66],"requires":[67],"us":[68],"associate":[70,110],"different":[72],"set":[73],"measured":[75,112],"data":[76],"each":[78],"detected":[79],"target.":[80],"Data":[81],"association":[82],"is":[83,139,161,171],"redundant":[85],"operation":[86],"counting":[88,131,142],"results":[90],"high":[92],"complexity":[93,104],"even":[94],"few":[96],"targets.":[97,119],"The":[98,168],"need":[99],"lower":[101,164],"dimensionality":[102],"calls":[105],"features":[108,160],"signals":[113],"directly":[114],"number":[117],"This":[120],"paper":[121],"proposes":[122],"mathematical":[124],"framework":[125],"design":[128],"systems.":[132],"First,":[133],"maximum":[135],"posteriori":[137],"algorithm":[138],"developed":[140],"wideband":[144],"by":[147],"model":[150],"order":[151],"selection.":[152],"Then,":[153],"method":[155,170],"that":[156],"relies":[157],"low-level":[159],"proposed":[162,169],"computational":[166],"complexity.":[167],"verified":[172],"sample-level":[174],"simulations":[175],"realistic":[177],"operating":[178],"conditions":[179],"compared":[181],"current":[183],"solutions.":[184]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}