{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2590787195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","title":"A Bi-Level Game Approach to Attack-Aware Cyber Insurance of Computer Networks","display_name":"A Bi-Level Game Approach to Attack-Aware Cyber Insurance of Computer Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2590787195","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","mag":"2590787195"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100422023","display_name":"Rui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-6851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2772-6851","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081500464","display_name":"Quanyan Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0008-2953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Quanyan Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, New York University, New York, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006338234","display_name":"Y\u00e9z\u00e9ka\u00ebl Hayel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3891-3916"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I198415970","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse","ror":"https://ror.org/00mfpxb84","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yezekael Hayel","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Avignon, Avignon, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Avignon, Avignon, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I198415970"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.7495,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":73,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99253375,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"779","last_page":"794"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7483596801757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurability","display_name":"Insurability","score":0.7170788049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incentive","display_name":"Incentive","score":0.5417187809944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/game-theory","display_name":"Game theory","score":0.5233772993087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.502999484539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interdependence","display_name":"Interdependence","score":0.4927106201648712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sequential-game","display_name":"Sequential game","score":0.45585736632347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/screening-game","display_name":"Screening game","score":0.44189995527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.44188985228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-game","display_name":"Stochastic game","score":0.4368184208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nash-equilibrium","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","score":0.43279343843460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-policy","display_name":"Insurance policy","score":0.4218560457229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-insurance","display_name":"General insurance","score":0.21889284253120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.18329891562461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.13500908017158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microeconomics","display_name":"Microeconomics","score":0.132012277841568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.10350868105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-law","display_name":"Insurance law","score":0.09839648008346558}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7483596801757812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33364599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042300","display_name":"Insurability","level":5,"score":0.7170788049697876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5417187809944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177142836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44455","display_name":"Game theory","level":2,"score":0.5233772993087769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.502999484539032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185874996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269699","display_name":"Interdependence","level":2,"score":0.4927106201648712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73795354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287618","display_name":"Sequential game","level":3,"score":0.45585736632347107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167573328","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7439054","display_name":"Screening game","level":4,"score":0.44189995527267456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.44188985228538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22171661","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074380","display_name":"Stochastic game","level":2,"score":0.4368184208869934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46814582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23389","display_name":"Nash equilibrium","level":2,"score":0.43279343843460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68799949","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q977871","display_name":"Insurance policy","level":2,"score":0.4218560457229614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14293393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2663825","display_name":"General insurance","level":3,"score":0.21889284253120422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.18329891562461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.13500908017158508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.132012277841568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.10350868105888367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168042013","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1037642","display_name":"Insurance law","level":4,"score":0.09839648008346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672378","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7543639573","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1544782","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4009483","https://openalex.org/W91938773","https://openalex.org/W191483219","https://openalex.org/W659268535","https://openalex.org/W1485535210","https://openalex.org/W1565160282","https://openalex.org/W1577117059","https://openalex.org/W1678529581","https://openalex.org/W1967820237","https://openalex.org/W1968161748","https://openalex.org/W1977508986","https://openalex.org/W1992845511","https://openalex.org/W2013511487","https://openalex.org/W2020325966","https://openalex.org/W2033811087","https://openalex.org/W2039858940","https://openalex.org/W2044330561","https://openalex.org/W2062493711","https://openalex.org/W2067064328","https://openalex.org/W2069038223","https://openalex.org/W2074035703","https://openalex.org/W2084333006","https://openalex.org/W2109394932","https://openalex.org/W2111877895","https://openalex.org/W2118595571","https://openalex.org/W2144238966","https://openalex.org/W2147884201","https://openalex.org/W2152734002","https://openalex.org/W2159715570","https://openalex.org/W2162394695","https://openalex.org/W2171169470","https://openalex.org/W2197836422","https://openalex.org/W2230177590","https://openalex.org/W2269788763","https://openalex.org/W2494110282","https://openalex.org/W2530951629","https://openalex.org/W2534225144","https://openalex.org/W2603519869","https://openalex.org/W3123002740","https://openalex.org/W3123979795","https://openalex.org/W3184874776","https://openalex.org/W4205909545","https://openalex.org/W4210930979","https://openalex.org/W4240896209","https://openalex.org/W4301621763","https://openalex.org/W6633816096","https://openalex.org/W6634531175","https://openalex.org/W6644700645","https://openalex.org/W6655551629","https://openalex.org/W6735806904"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1535599767","https://openalex.org/W2393381316","https://openalex.org/W1525051514","https://openalex.org/W2023280083","https://openalex.org/W3122286720","https://openalex.org/W3121651049","https://openalex.org/W4214945368","https://openalex.org/W2080898146","https://openalex.org/W2761568501","https://openalex.org/W169467377"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber":[0],"insurance":[1,35,64,110,121,172],"is":[2,125],"a":[3,66,72,78,82,93,113,130,152,195],"valuable":[4],"approach":[5],"to":[6,17,88,128,184],"mitigate":[7],"further":[8,126],"the":[9,18,39,47,53,59,98,108,141,145,158,163,170,175,186,191,198,202],"cyber":[10,22,34,43,63,109],"risk":[11,136],"and":[12,30,52,97,111,119,134,161,169,181,189],"its":[13],"loss":[14],"in":[15,65,81],"addition":[16],"deployment":[19],"of":[20,41,49,55,58,85,107,116,132,144,165,174,197,205],"technological":[21],"defense":[23],"solutions,":[24],"such":[25],"as":[26,194],"intrusion":[27],"detection":[28],"systems":[29],"firewalls.":[31],"An":[32],"effective":[33],"policy":[36,173],"can":[37],"reduce":[38],"number":[40],"successful":[42],"attacks":[44],"by":[45],"incentivizing":[46],"adoption":[48],"preventative":[50],"measures":[51],"implementation":[54],"best":[56],"practices":[57],"users.":[60],"To":[61],"study":[62,129],"holistic":[67],"manner,":[68],"we":[69],"first":[70],"establish":[71],"bi-level":[73,146],"game-theoretic":[74],"model":[75],"that":[76],"nests":[77],"zero-sum":[79],"game":[80,87,101],"moral-hazard":[83],"type":[84],"principal-agent":[86],"capture":[89],"complex":[90],"interactions":[91,200],"between":[92],"user,":[94],"an":[95,104],"attacker,":[96],"insurer.":[99,176],"The":[100,123],"framework":[102,124],"provides":[103],"integrative":[105],"view":[106],"enables":[112],"systematic":[114],"design":[115],"incentive":[117],"compatible":[118],"attack-aware":[120],"policy.":[122],"extended":[127],"network":[131,192],"users":[133],"their":[135],"interdependencies.":[137],"We":[138,177],"completely":[139],"characterize":[140],"equilibrium":[142],"solutions":[143],"game.":[147],"Our":[148],"analytical":[149,179,187],"results":[150,180,188],"provide":[151,178],"fundamental":[153],"limit":[154],"on":[155],"insurability,":[156],"predict":[157],"Peltzman":[159],"effect,":[160],"reveal":[162],"principles":[164],"zero":[166],"operating":[167],"profit":[168],"linear":[171],"numerical":[182],"experiments":[183],"corroborate":[185],"demonstrate":[190],"effects":[193],"result":[196],"strategic":[199],"among":[201],"three":[203],"types":[204],"players.":[206]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
