{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2964051835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","title":"From Acquaintances to Friends: Homophily and Learning in Networks","display_name":"From Acquaintances to Friends: Homophily and Learning in Networks","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2964051835","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","mag":"2964051835"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067983753","display_name":"Simpson Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-8726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1300891529","display_name":"United States Department of the Treasury","ror":"https://ror.org/028t43p77","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1300891529"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Simpson Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Financial Research, Washington, D.C., USA","University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1628-8726","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"U.S. Department of the Treasury, Office of Financial Research, Washington, D.C., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1300891529"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012339002","display_name":"Mihaela van der Schaar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3933-6049"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I161318765","display_name":"University of California, Los Angeles","ror":"https://ror.org/046rm7j60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146410","display_name":"Science Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/04j8yhy50","country_code":"GB","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410"]}],"countries":["GB","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihaela van der Schaar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Oxford-Man Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Oxford-Man Institute, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210146410","https://openalex.org/I40120149"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I161318765"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3436,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.8419318,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"680","last_page":"690"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11031","display_name":"Game Theory and Applications","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11252","display_name":"Evolutionary Game Theory and Cooperation","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homophily","display_name":"Homophily","score":0.996005117893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.7776904106140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6587361097335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.5216972231864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5081381797790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-formation","display_name":"Network formation","score":0.48647376894950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.34924399852752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.27282774448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2667781114578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.2151641845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.20852765440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20228204131126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.15588387846946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.10402685403823853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779812341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891525","display_name":"Homophily","level":2,"score":0.996005117893219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.7776904106140137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6587361097335815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.5216972231864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5081381797790527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68416499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7001033","display_name":"Network formation","level":2,"score":0.48647376894950867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.34924399852752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.27282774448394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2667781114578247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2151641845703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.20852765440940857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20228204131126404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15588387846946716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.10402685403823853}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2017.2672238","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":48,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W888117550","https://openalex.org/W1511088604","https://openalex.org/W1578332416","https://openalex.org/W1954269931","https://openalex.org/W1967291691","https://openalex.org/W1971896209","https://openalex.org/W1972144516","https://openalex.org/W2003733356","https://openalex.org/W2020433780","https://openalex.org/W2022188872","https://openalex.org/W2027725119","https://openalex.org/W2049607688","https://openalex.org/W2056802845","https://openalex.org/W2064892860","https://openalex.org/W2067064328","https://openalex.org/W2068115726","https://openalex.org/W2069930327","https://openalex.org/W2081675399","https://openalex.org/W2085739199","https://openalex.org/W2086645750","https://openalex.org/W2096411288","https://openalex.org/W2103720435","https://openalex.org/W2109227188","https://openalex.org/W2130354913","https://openalex.org/W2143117643","https://openalex.org/W2144357482","https://openalex.org/W2146366745","https://openalex.org/W2153996873","https://openalex.org/W2155425465","https://openalex.org/W2164412965","https://openalex.org/W2167097117","https://openalex.org/W2318012511","https://openalex.org/W2341831996","https://openalex.org/W2484038126","https://openalex.org/W2495036290","https://openalex.org/W2543216940","https://openalex.org/W2761386505","https://openalex.org/W2963952232","https://openalex.org/W2964051835","https://openalex.org/W3022273187","https://openalex.org/W3103064922","https://openalex.org/W3121910160","https://openalex.org/W3123539279","https://openalex.org/W3124711515","https://openalex.org/W3125979237","https://openalex.org/W4235234911","https://openalex.org/W4246632162","https://openalex.org/W6722026039"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010725720","https://openalex.org/W4310066305","https://openalex.org/W2137180285","https://openalex.org/W3000882491","https://openalex.org/W2588686890","https://openalex.org/W2547959112","https://openalex.org/W2155299640","https://openalex.org/W3123562051","https://openalex.org/W2317657874","https://openalex.org/W3126117860"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"considers":[2],"the":[3,28,37,110,119,154,165,168,182,192],"evolution":[4],"of":[5,30,107,113,121,156,162,178,194],"a":[6,9,51,81],"network":[7],"in":[8,14,99,137],"discrete":[10],"time,":[11],"stochastic":[12],"setting":[13],"which":[15],"agents":[16,116],"learn":[17],"about":[18],"each":[19],"other":[20],"through":[21],"repeated":[22],"interactions":[23],"and":[24,48,68,91,140,170,185],"maintain/break":[25],"links":[26,59,70,114,127],"on":[27],"basis":[29],"what":[31],"they":[32,49],"learn.":[33],"Agents":[34],"exhibit":[35],"homophily,":[36],"preference":[38],"to":[39,46,63,66,71,74,77],"link":[40],"with":[41,60,153],"others":[42,61],"who":[43],"are":[44],"similar":[45,65],"themselves,":[47],"have":[50],"limited":[52],"capacity":[53],"for":[54],"links.":[55],"They":[56],"thus":[57],"maintain":[58],"learned":[62,73],"be":[64,75,129],"themselves":[67],"cut":[69],"those":[72],"dissimilar":[76],"themselves.":[78],"We":[79,102],"introduce":[80],"new":[82],"equilibrium":[83,96],"concept":[84],"we":[85,92],"term":[86],"\u201cmatching":[87],"pairwise":[88],"stable":[89],"equilibrium\u201d,":[90],"prove":[93],"that":[94,104,115],"such":[95],"is":[97,123,133,196],"unique":[98],"our":[100],"model.":[101],"show":[103],"higher":[105],"levels":[106,161,177],"homophily":[108,122,163,179,195],"decrease":[109,181],"(average)":[111],"number":[112],"form.":[117],"However,":[118],"effect":[120],"anomalous:":[124],"mutually":[125],"beneficial":[126],"may":[128],"dropped":[130],"before":[131],"learning":[132],"completed,":[134],"thereby":[135],"resulting":[136],"sparser":[138],"networks":[139,188],"less":[141],"clustering":[142],"than":[143],"under":[144],"complete":[145,169],"information.":[146],"Homophily":[147],"also":[148],"exhibits":[149],"an":[150],"interesting":[151],"interaction":[152],"presence":[155],"incomplete":[157,171,186],"information:":[158],"initially,":[159],"greater":[160],"increase":[164],"difference":[166],"between":[167],"information":[172,187],"networks,":[173],"but":[174],"sufficiently":[175],"high":[176],"eventually":[180],"difference.":[183],"Complete":[184],"differ":[189],"most":[190],"when":[191],"degree":[193],"intermediate.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
