{"id":"https://openalex.org/W838780744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","title":"Deploying Dense Networks for Maximal Energy Efficiency: Small Cells Meet Massive MIMO","display_name":"Deploying Dense Networks for Maximal Energy Efficiency: Small Cells Meet Massive MIMO","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W838780744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","mag":"838780744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7438738","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102134673","display_name":"Link\u00f6ping University","ror":"https://ror.org/05ynxx418","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bjornson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering (ISY), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering (ISY), Link\u00f6ping University, Link\u00f6ping, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063635284","display_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2577-4091"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","display_name":"University of Pisa","ror":"https://ror.org/03ad39j10","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I277688954","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay","ror":"https://ror.org/03xjwb503","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210107720","display_name":"CentraleSup\u00e9lec","ror":"https://ror.org/019tcpt25","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luca Sanguinetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","Large Systems and Networks Group (LANEAS), CentraleSup\u00e9lec,, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell\u2019Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Large Systems and Networks Group (LANEAS), CentraleSup\u00e9lec,, Universit\u00e9 Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I277688954"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Informazione, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088602155","display_name":"Marios Kountouris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1143-080X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123571","display_name":"Huawei Technologies (France)","ror":"https://ror.org/02rbzf697","country_code":"FR","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2250955327","https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marios Kountouris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Laboratory, France Research Center, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematical and Algorithmic Sciences Laboratory, France Research Center, Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd., France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062293532"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102134673"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":20.9071,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":234,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99578983,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"4","first_page":"832","last_page":"847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.794563889503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6324703693389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efficient-energy-use","display_name":"Efficient energy use","score":0.5978942513465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5417154431343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.39113473892211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3479042053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.15805897116661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09725916385650635}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.794563889503479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6324703693389893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2742236","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q924713","display_name":"Efficient energy use","level":2,"score":0.5978942513465881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5417154431343079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.39113473892211914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3479042053222656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.15805897116661072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09725916385650635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2016.2544498","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-01789324v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://centralesupelec.hal.science/hal-01789324","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2016, 34 (4), pp.832 - 847. ⟨10.1109/JSAC.2016.2544498⟩","raw_type":"Journal articles"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/843016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7438738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/843016","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7438738","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8999999761581421}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2477783394","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"305123 MORE","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306111","display_name":"U.S. Department of Commerce","ror":"https://ror.org/04chq2495"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71969449","https://openalex.org/W250076511","https://openalex.org/W316897222","https://openalex.org/W635250944","https://openalex.org/W1525535255","https://openalex.org/W1615140585","https://openalex.org/W1692944083","https://openalex.org/W1764607045","https://openalex.org/W1914285235","https://openalex.org/W1938738734","https://openalex.org/W1965392255","https://openalex.org/W1966274311","https://openalex.org/W2017190463","https://openalex.org/W2021699271","https://openalex.org/W2025262567","https://openalex.org/W2031007827","https://openalex.org/W2038329885","https://openalex.org/W2054692642","https://openalex.org/W2070419029","https://openalex.org/W2072339605","https://openalex.org/W2076038390","https://openalex.org/W2076138763","https://openalex.org/W2080872533","https://openalex.org/W2082639035","https://openalex.org/W2087240286","https://openalex.org/W2090195299","https://openalex.org/W2092256136","https://openalex.org/W2104557602","https://openalex.org/W2105392125","https://openalex.org/W2120686080","https://openalex.org/W2121085736","https://openalex.org/W2121315337","https://openalex.org/W2124568462","https://openalex.org/W2130891087","https://openalex.org/W2131070905","https://openalex.org/W2133019626","https://openalex.org/W2140516799","https://openalex.org/W2141682101","https://openalex.org/W2142238976","https://openalex.org/W2145873277","https://openalex.org/W2147056723","https://openalex.org/W2147601077","https://openalex.org/W2150166076","https://openalex.org/W2154319347","https://openalex.org/W2156315971","https://openalex.org/W2158496620","https://openalex.org/W2528448709","https://openalex.org/W2556358251","https://openalex.org/W2963847582","https://openalex.org/W3098980465","https://openalex.org/W3100399470","https://openalex.org/W3103450255","https://openalex.org/W3103659406","https://openalex.org/W4205864033","https://openalex.org/W4206545993","https://openalex.org/W4212953210","https://openalex.org/W6636676663","https://openalex.org/W6668370333","https://openalex.org/W6669727789","https://openalex.org/W6730367913"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2545343974","https://openalex.org/W4291895924","https://openalex.org/W1783583321","https://openalex.org/W2038397443","https://openalex.org/W2941374357","https://openalex.org/W2112785353","https://openalex.org/W2026727497","https://openalex.org/W4388520214","https://openalex.org/W2164866798","https://openalex.org/W1976502299"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"What":[0],"would":[1],"a":[2,33,48,147],"cellular":[3,29],"network":[4],"designed":[5],"for":[6],"maximal":[7,132],"energy":[8,51,168],"efficiency":[9,52],"look":[10],"like?":[11],"To":[12],"answer":[13],"this":[14,24,92],"fundamental":[15],"question,":[16],"tools":[17],"from":[18,91,155],"stochastic":[19],"geometry":[20],"are":[21,114],"used":[22],"in":[23,146],"paper":[25],"to":[26,46,62,116],"model":[27],"future":[28],"networks":[30],"and":[31,56,78,82,109,144,160],"obtain":[32],"new":[34],"lower":[35],"bound":[36],"on":[37,100],"the":[38,63,69,73,83,101,104,121,127,131,139,152,161,167],"average":[39],"uplink":[40,50],"spectral":[41],"efficiency.":[42],"This":[43],"enables":[44],"us":[45],"formulate":[47],"tractable":[49],"(EE)":[53],"maximization":[54,95],"problem":[55],"solve":[57],"it":[58],"analytically":[59],"with":[60,126,141],"respect":[61],"density":[64],"of":[65,75,163],"base":[66],"stations":[67],"(BSs),":[68],"transmit":[70],"power":[71],"levels,":[72],"number":[74],"BS":[76,128],"antennas":[77,143],"users":[79,165],"per":[80,170],"cell,":[81],"pilot":[84],"reuse":[85],"factor.":[86],"The":[87],"closed-form":[88],"expressions":[89],"obtained":[90],"general":[93],"EE":[94,122,133],"framework":[96],"provide":[97],"valuable":[98],"insights":[99],"interplay":[102],"between":[103],"optimization":[105],"variables,":[106],"hardware":[107],"characteristics,":[108],"propagation":[110],"environment.":[111],"Small":[112],"cells":[113],"proved":[115],"give":[117],"high":[118],"EE,":[119],"but":[120],"improvement":[123],"saturates":[124],"quickly":[125],"density.":[129],"Interestingly,":[130],"is":[134],"achieved":[135],"by":[136],"also":[137],"equipping":[138],"BSs":[140],"multiple":[142],"operate":[145],"\u201cmassive":[148],"MIMO\u201d":[149],"fashion,":[150],"where":[151],"array":[153],"gain":[154],"coherent":[156],"detection":[157],"mitigates":[158],"interference":[159],"multiplexing":[162],"many":[164],"reduces":[166],"cost":[169],"user.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":35},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}