{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2108187650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","title":"A Measurement-Based Characterization of the Energy Consumption in Data Center Servers","display_name":"A Measurement-Based Characterization of the Energy Consumption in Data Center Servers","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2108187650","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","mag":"2108187650"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076281024","display_name":"Jordi Arjona Aroca","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1761-5170"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jordi Arjona Aroca","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068331720","display_name":"Angelos Chatzipapas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Angelos Chatzipapas","raw_affiliation_strings":["University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University Carlos III of Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014057564","display_name":"Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Anta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6501-2377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Fern\u00e1ndez Anta","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070765508","display_name":"Vincenzo Mancuso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4661-381X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802499160","display_name":"IMDEA Networks","ror":"https://ror.org/04mm9fg30","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I105140100","https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Mancuso","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMDEA Networks Institute, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802499160"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5076281024"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97486262,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"12","first_page":"2863","last_page":"2877"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10101","display_name":"Cloud Computing and Resource Management","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12238","display_name":"Green IT and Sustainability","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/server","display_name":"Server","score":0.8434854745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8321912884712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-center","display_name":"Data center","score":0.730685293674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-consumption","display_name":"Energy consumption","score":0.6100218296051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4851166009902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4461742043495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.413520872592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.37748152017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.19917955994606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18754079937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09066623449325562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93996380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44127","display_name":"Server","level":2,"score":0.8434854745864868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8321912884712219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153740404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671224","display_name":"Data center","level":2,"score":0.730685293674469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780165032","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16869822","display_name":"Energy consumption","level":2,"score":0.6100218296051025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4851166009902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4461742043495178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.413520872592926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.37748152017593384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.19917955994606018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18754079937934875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09066623449325562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2015.2481198","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90422530","display_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","issn_l":"0733-8716","issn":["0733-8716","1558-0008"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322020","display_name":"Financial Services Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/01svc3820"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335322","display_name":"European Regional Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W190397983","https://openalex.org/W1509859618","https://openalex.org/W1520679476","https://openalex.org/W1842406863","https://openalex.org/W1894651528","https://openalex.org/W1965147469","https://openalex.org/W1979506452","https://openalex.org/W1993734353","https://openalex.org/W2001937343","https://openalex.org/W2015681217","https://openalex.org/W2038337218","https://openalex.org/W2041312783","https://openalex.org/W2056886715","https://openalex.org/W2064359039","https://openalex.org/W2065088268","https://openalex.org/W2071544756","https://openalex.org/W2073499905","https://openalex.org/W2078453919","https://openalex.org/W2104269083","https://openalex.org/W2104589727","https://openalex.org/W2110458625","https://openalex.org/W2145398804","https://openalex.org/W2148459868","https://openalex.org/W2151587416","https://openalex.org/W2154596969","https://openalex.org/W2158468884","https://openalex.org/W2164861775","https://openalex.org/W2172016740","https://openalex.org/W4229969433","https://openalex.org/W4242367294","https://openalex.org/W6630645733","https://openalex.org/W6631228652","https://openalex.org/W6638953996","https://openalex.org/W6668946773"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055187606","https://openalex.org/W1969542292","https://openalex.org/W4214914670","https://openalex.org/W1498304890","https://openalex.org/W2084875360","https://openalex.org/W3006216828","https://openalex.org/W3123077549","https://openalex.org/W2904165227","https://openalex.org/W2770088598","https://openalex.org/W4214747436"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,48],"this":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,23,42,51,104,119],"present":[4,105],"an":[5],"exhaustive":[6],"empirical":[7],"characterization":[8,129],"of":[9,13,16,55,79,113,123],"the":[10,34,39,68,71,80,101,111,121,124,132,142],"power":[11,74],"requirements":[12],"multiple":[14,35],"components":[15,57],"data":[17],"center":[18],"servers.":[19,47],"To":[20],"do":[21],"so,":[22],"devise":[24],"different":[25],"experiments":[26],"to":[27,109],"stress":[28],"these":[29,49],"components,":[30],"taking":[31],"into":[32],"account":[33],"available":[36],"frequencies":[37],"and":[38,58,116,140],"fact":[40],"that":[41,67],"are":[43],"working":[44],"with":[45],"multicore":[46],"experiments,":[50],"measure":[52],"energy":[53,134],"consumption":[54],"server":[56],"identify":[59],"their":[60],"optimal":[61],"operational":[62],"points.":[63],"Our":[64],"study":[65],"proves":[66],"curve":[69],"defining":[70],"minimal":[72],"CPU":[73],"utilization,":[75],"as":[76],"a":[77,97],"function":[78],"load":[81],"in":[82],"active":[83],"cycles":[84],"per":[85],"second,":[86],"is":[87],"neither":[88],"concave":[89],"nor":[90],"purely":[91],"convex.":[92],"Instead,":[93],"it":[94],"definitively":[95],"shows":[96],"super-linear":[98],"dependence":[99],"on":[100,107,151],"load.":[102],"Similarly,":[103],"results":[106],"how":[108],"improve":[110],"efficiency":[112],"network":[114],"cards":[115],"disks.":[117],"Finally,":[118],"validate":[120],"accuracy":[122],"model":[125],"derived":[126],"from":[127,144],"our":[128,145],"by":[130,136],"comparing":[131],"real":[133],"consumed":[135],"two":[137],"Hadoop":[138],"applications-PageRank":[139],"WordCount-with":[141],"estimation":[143],"model,":[146],"obtaining":[147],"errors":[148],"below":[149],"4.1%":[150],"average.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}